to study the effect of seed density and plant distance on yield and growth parameters of radish, an experiment was conducted in research of station rice at office rasht in 2008-2009. this study was set in secondary culture after rice by factorial experiment with randomized complete block design with 3 replications. treatments consisted of factorial arrangement of three seed density levels (5, 1...

Reflectance of red (656-705 nm) and infrared (776-826 nm) solar radiation and standing crop biomass were measured in three salt marsh communities at intervals of approximately 2 weeks between February and August 1974. Red reflectance declined at the onset of greening in each community and was correlated with standing crop of green biomass. Infrared reflectance increased substantially in the shr...

Fragmentation analysis of the Whitewater watershed, in southeast Minnessota, revealed 4 structural measures of grass-shrub habitat that were significant predictors of sensitive species population densities. Models were developed using simple linear regression and further refined to incorporate spatial autocorrelation using a Moran’s test. Significant variables were divided into a five class ord...

In this study, we evaluated changes in the potential flammability of different Mediterranean shrub species a pine (Pinus pinea) forest Doñana Natural Park (of SW Spain) as result goat grazing. Plant height, total biomass, fine fuel biomass and leaves/wood ratio were measured individual plants each both grazed ungrazed areas. Moisture content, mean time ignition, combustion, gross heat combustio...

planting shrub seedlings under oil mulches has frequently been used for stabilizing mobile sands in iran for during the last three decades. sandy desert of samad abad, sarakhs, northeast iran, has been fixed by cultivating seedling of haloxylon aphyllum under the oil mulches. therefore this study was designed to investigate the effects of the sand fixation project on soil and vegetation propert...

A recent study shows that a desert shrub uses a 'mustard oil bomb' to regulate the behaviour of seed-predating rodents - transforming these predators into mutualistic seed dispersers.

Invasive species have come to the forefront of conservation biology as a major threat to native biodiversity. Habitats dominated by shrub honeysuckles (Lonicera spp.) in the United States have been characterized as "ecological traps" by ecologists. Here we tested this hypothesis by investigating the effects of shrub honeysuckles on the nesting ecology of native birds in seven study sites in cen...