Giant basilar artery aneurysms are rarely associated with hydrocephalus. When it occurs the treatment usually addresses the hydrocephalus rather than the aneurysm itself, especially if it is already thrombosed. The treatment options include ventriculoperitoneal shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy, which may be related to high complication rates. However, reducing the intracranial hype...

Azygos venous blood flow and other haemodynamic parameters were measured in 14 cirrhotic patients to investigate the effects of a non-shunting operation, oesophageal transection with paraoesophagogastric devascularisation. Azygos venous blood flow measured by the local continuous thermal dilution method was significantly reduced by 13.8% after the operation (428 (41) v 369 (33) ml/min). Hepatic...

Right-to-left shunting through a foramen ovale complicating acute right ventricular infarction and resulting in severe arterial hypoxemia has been described eight times before. Treatment strategies have often aimed at reducing the shunt. Four patients died. Less attention has been paid to attempts at revascularization and, despite a high incidence of atrioventricular conduction disturbances, to...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is typically occult at angiography and fails to enhance on MR images. After observing angiographic abnormalities characterized by arteriovenous shunting and pathologic parenchymal blush in patients with AIDS-related PML, often in the absence of contrast enhancement on MR images, we hypothesized that there might be distinct ...

OBJECTIVES Recent data indicate that alterations in brain neuropeptides may play a pathogenic role in dementia. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), somastostatin (SOM), and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) are neuropeptides involved in cognitive performance. Decreased SOM and NPY concentrations have been found in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and are probably the result of neuronal dysfunct...