Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with fluorescence detection was used to determine the concentration of 4-methylumbelliferone liberated from 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase. Enzyme substrate saturation kinetics were studied in buffer and the pH range for the enzyme reaction was optimized. A linear relationship of initial enzyme reaction velocity as a function of peak...

The enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) consists on a coupling of a membrane separation process with an enzymatic reaction. The selective membrane aims to separate the biocatalyst from the reaction products. The main objective of EMR is to ensure the complete rejection of the enzyme in order to maintain the full activity inside the reacting volume. Depending on the case, enzyme molecules may be fr...

Two parallel anaerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs), integrated with or without ultrasound equipment for online membrane fouling control (US-AnMBR, or AnMBR) were established to digest waste activated sludge (WAS). The characteristics of bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and bacterial communities in the systems were investigated for further understanding of the membrane fouling mech...

Membrane filtration is widely used for sterile filtration, flowthrough immuno-filtration, virus removal, and microbiological analysis.1,2,3,4,5,6 Prior work has described membranes that retain one protein over others.7,8 The purpose of this work is to capture a target species of living cells from a mixed population of microorganisms being concentrated in the retentate of solution being pushed t...

The extent to which the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) contributes to the charge selectivity of the glomerular capillary wall has been controversial. To reexamine this issue, the size and charge selectivity of filters made from isolated rat GBM were assessed, using polydisperse Ficoll and Ficoll sulfate as test macromolecules. Ficoll sulfate, a novel tracer with spherical shape synthesized ...

We determine when a matrix is similar to a partial isometry, refining a result of Halmos–McLaughlin.