A questionnaire survey was conducted on 50 primary health care physicians in Ramadi city, Iraq, in 2001 to assess their knowledge and identify misperceptions about breastfeeding. Basic knowledge about the main processes of breastfeeding was good (when to start feeding, frequency of feeding, relactation, importance of psychological factors), but there were deficiencies in their ability to deal w...

Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. The spatial distribution of MBD in the breast is variable and dependent on physiological, genetic, environmental and pathological factors. This pilot study aims to define the spatial distribution and autocorrelation patterns of MBD in Chinese women aged 40-60. By analyzing their digital mammographic images using a publ...

DESCRIPTION A 43-year-old woman presents for a preoperative visit before undergoing a bilateral mastectomy. After consultation, she desires autologous tissue reconstruction with maintenance of her current breast size. On examination , she has a 36C bust and has minimal abdominal subcutaneous tissue.

Mate preferences are context-dependent and may vary with different ecological conditions and raters. The present study investigated whether sociosexual orientation influenced men's rating of attractiveness of female breast size. Participants (N=128) rated female breast attractiveness as a function of size (five levels) and viewing angles (front view, oblique view, and side view). Men were divid...

In recent years the breast size (i.e., bra cup size and bra band size) of women has been studied in a number of national and regional research projects. Most of the studies have been conducted by universities in cooperation with companies within the lingerie industry and other commercial stakeholders. However, the local studies have not been able to provide internationally comparable results re...

OBJECTIVE Cultural diversity in body image has been studied elsewhere. In this study, we extend previous research by inclusion of (1) multiple ethnic groups for comparison and (2) measures for the assessment of multiple dimensions of body image. METHOD Participants were college students who self-identified as African, Asian, Caucasian, or Hispanic-American. Quantitative measures of weight-rel...

In this modern and fashionable era, trends for cosmetic breast augmentation and uplifting have considerably increased which not only increase the aesthetic look, psychological satisfaction but also attract men. Women from as early as 300 BC up to date have used various methods to augment and uplift breast. In recent era, technological advances have made possible to achieve desired breast size, ...

One important modality of breast cancer therapy is surgical treatment, which has become increasingly less mutilating over the last century. Breast reconstruction has become an integrated part of breast cancer treatment due to long-term psychosexual health factors and its importance for breast cancer survivors. Both autogenous tissue-based and implant-based reconstruction provides satisfactory r...

Breastfeeding has been an important survival trait during human history, though it has long been recognized that individuals differ in their exact breastfeeding behavior. Here our aims were, first, to explore to what extent genetic and environmental influences contributed to the individual differences in breastfeeding behavior; second, to detect possible genetic variants related to breastfeedin...

I use a novel monthly panel of provincially-collected central government revenues and conflict fatalities to estimate lost due in Afghanistan since 2005. Headline estimates are large, implying total revenue losses $3bn 2005 that gains from peace would have been about 6 percent GDP per year. That this is larger than cross-country studies reflects the uncommon intensity Afghanistan. The key chall...