An infinite impulse response (IIR) can closely approximate the high density magnetic recording channel response with only a single pole and a small number of zeros. As a consequence, a near-optimal performance can be achieved with the Viterbi algorithm (VA) incorporating a single-tap noise predictor. The number of states in the VA trellis is determined by the number of zeros used in the IIR mod...

Functional studies of single membrane ion channels were made possible by the introduction of the patch-clamp technique, which allows single-channel currents to be measured with unprecedented resolution. Nevertheless, patch clamping has some limitations: including the need for physical access of the patch pipette, possible disruption of local cellular architecture, inability to monitor multiple ...

Electrophysiological effects of N-feruloyl tyramine (NFT), an analogue of tyramine, on potassium currents in frog ventricular myocytes were examined using single-channel recording and whole-cell voltage clamp technique. Extracellular application of NFT induced a concentration-dependent decrease of macroscopic inward rectifier potassium current (iK1) with ID50 of 198 microM, while tyramine (100 ...

Sydney Brenner promoted Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, and subsequent investigations pursued resistance to the nicotinic anthelmintic drug levamisole in C. elegans at a genetic level. These studies have advanced our understanding of genes associated with neuromuscular transmission and resistance to the antinematodal drug. In lev-8 and lev-1 mutant C. elegans, levamisole resistance ...

Ethanol enhancement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(3A) receptor-mediated responses may have important consequences in the intoxicating and addictive properties of ethanol. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, ethanol-mediated enhancement of 5-HT(3) receptor current has been proposed to occur due to stabilization of the open-channel state. It has not been possible to directly measure the open...

Nowadays, Blind Source Separation (BSS) techniques are very common and useful in signal processing. In the field of multichannel recording, there are many techniques of BSS that work accurately, but in the single channel measurement, only a few methods are existed. One of the much popular algorithms of BSS is Independent Component Analysis (ICA). This technique is applied to separate the indepe...

New combinatorial and algebraic techniques are presented for systematically constructing different (d,k) block codes capable of detecting and correcting single bit-errors, single-peak shift-errors, double adjacent-errors and multiple adjacent erasures. Constructions utilizing channel side information, such as the magnetic recording ternary channel output string, or erasures, do not impose any r...

TRPV1 channels are gated by a variety of thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. We used optical recording of Ca(2+) influx through TRPV1 to measure activity and mobility of single TRPV1 molecules in isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons and cell lines. The opening of single TRPV1 channels produced sparklets, representing localized regions of elevated Ca(2+). Unlike sparklets reported for L-...

Recent noteworthy advancements in the field of incoherent digital holography (the production of 3D images) include optical scanning holography and Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) techniques.1, 2 The latter acts as a single channel incoherent interferometer (a device that splits light into two beams and recombines them to produce an interference pattern) and does not require an...

Currents through single-ion channels were recorded in the cell-attached configuration from locus ceruleus neurons enzymatically dissociated from newborn rats. When the selective mu opioid receptor agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol was in the patch-clamp electrode, unitary inward currents were observed with conductance of approximately 45 pS (measured at zero pipette potential, with 150 mM pota...