Heterodera avenae is one of the most important plant pathogens and causes vast losses in cereal crops. As a sedentary endoparasitic nematode, H. avenae secretes effectors that modify plant defenses and promote its biotrophic infection of its hosts. However, the number of effectors involved in the interaction between H. avenae and host defenses remains unclear. Here, we report the identification...

In a long-term field experiment, differential population densities of Heterodera avenae were produced by frequent cropping with resistant (cv. Panema) or susceptible (cv. Peniarth) oat. The two oat cultivars were equally good hosts of Pratylenchus neglectus in a glass house experiment with field soil. On wheat crops grown after oats in field experiments, P. neglectus population densities in roo...

The role of proteins in cerals resistance against the aphids is still poorly recognized. It was discussed if feeding preferences of these insects are related only to their nutritional demands, or rather to their reaction to the toxic compounds in plant tissues. Nowadays it is accepted that both the nutrients and other chemical factors determine their preferences of host plant. Aphid feeding on ...

The cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) is a major pest of wheat (Triticum spp) that reduces crop yields in many countries. Cyst nematodes are obligate sedentary endoparasites that reproduce by amphimixis. Here, we report the first transcriptome analysis of two stages of H. avenae. After sequencing extracted RNA from pre parasitic infective juvenile and adult stages of the life cycle,...

Heterodera avenae is an important soil-borne pathogen that affects field crops worldwide. Chemical nematicides can be used to control the nematode, but they bring toxicity to the environment and human. Trichoderma longibrachiatum has been shown to have the ability to control H. avenae cysts, but detailed microscopic observations and bioassays are lacking. In this study, we used microscopic obse...