OBJECTIVE To evaluate prospectively the feasibility and utility of adding a cervical extension to the standard deltopectoral flap. We postulated that this cervicodeltopectoral (CDP) flap will allow for single-stage reconstruction of large defects of the anterolateral face and neck. METHODS As is the case with the deltopectoral flap, the CDP flap is based on the perforating branches of the int...

A path in an edge-colored graph G is rainbow if no two edges of the path are colored the same. The rainbow connection number rc(G) of G is the smallest integer k for which there exists a k-edge-coloring of G such that every pair of distinct vertices of G is connected by a rainbow path. Let f(d) denote the minimum number such that rc(G) ≤ f(d) for each bridgeless graph G with diameter d. In this...

Several authors have studied the graphs for which every edge is a chord of a cycle; among 2-connected graphs, one characterization is that the deletion of one vertex never creates a cut-edge. Two new results: among 3-connected graphs with minimum degree at least 4, every two adjacent edges are chords of a common cycle if and only if deleting two vertices never creates two adjacent cut-edges; am...

Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) possess innate-like properties and are proposed to bridge the gap between innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we explored the role of γδ T cells in cutaneous immunity using a skin transplantation model. Following engraftment of skin expressing cell-associated model antigen (Ag) (ovalbumin) in epithelial keratinocytes, skin-resident γδ T cells enhanced g...

This paper discusses the knowledge transfer process in offshore outsourcing. The focus is a case study of software offshore outsourcing from Japan to Vietnam. Initial results confirm that willingness to cooperate and good impressions facilitate the knowledge transfer process. In addition, communication barriers, cultural differences, lack of equivalence in individual competence, and lack of com...

A conjecture of Fan and Raspaud [3] asserts that every bridgeless cubic graph contains three perfect matchings with empty intersection. Kaiser and Raspaud [6] suggested a possible approach to this problem based on the concept of a balanced join in an embedded graph. We give here some new results concerning this conjecture and prove that a minimum counterexample must have at least 32 vertices.

The oriented diameter of a bridgeless graph G is min{diam(H) |H is an orientation of G}. A path in an edge-colored graph G, where adjacent edges may have the same color, is called rainbow if no two edges of the path are colored the same. The rainbow connection number rc(G) of G is the smallest integer k for which there exists a k-edge-coloring of G such that every two distinct vertices of G are...

The final cleavage event that terminates cell division, abscission of the small, dense intercellular bridge, has been particularly challenging to resolve. Here, we describe imaging innovations that helped answer long-standing questions about the mechanism of abscission. We further explain how computational modeling of high-resolution data was employed to test hypotheses and generate additional ...

Relational Match to Sample (RMTS) is a common test of relational reasoning involving matching cards based on the relations “same” and “different”. Children below the age of five fail RMTS, even with corrective feedback. Given that success on RMTS depends on the ability to represent and compare ”same” and ”different”, such failure has been interpreted as indicative of the absence of these abilit...

Vitiligo is a relatively common, acquired depigmenting disease caused by the loss of epidermal melanocytes. Oxidative stress known to participate in initiation vitiligo triggering autoimmunity. In this study, we tried identify factors serving as bridge between oxidative and autoimmunity vitiligo. According RNA sequencing analysis on H2O2-treated melanocytes, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15...