in the present work sedative and hypnotic effects of aqueous extract of aloe vera in rats have been investigated. in order to evaluate the overall hypnotic effects of the aloe vera extract, open field and loss of righting reflex tests were primarily used. the sedative and hypnotic effects of the extract were then confirmed by detection of remarkable raise in the total sleeping time through anal...

rosa damascena (rosaceae) has been found to act on central nervous system including the brain. several studies confirm that rosa damascena inhibits the reactivity of the hypothalamus and pituitary systems in rat and can suppress the reactivity of central nervous system. in traditional medicine the hypnotic effect of rose is also suggested. in the present study hypnotic effect of ethanolic, aque...

Drawing on Bakhtin’s notion of the dialogism word, especially double-voiced discourse, this paper examines Darko’s subtle inscription Conrad's Heart Darkness and Fanon’s The Wretched Earth in her novel Beyond Horizon (1995). Specifically, "horror" novel’s title as discourse or dialogical sites contestation affirmation, respectively. It argues that while Conradian subtext can be understood conte...

pyricularia oryzae (tel. magnaporthegrisea) is currently used as a fungal model for plantmicrobeinteraction studies as well as an indicative model for anticancer drug discovery. thepresent study introduces the optimal condition in which p. oryzae grows and sporulates beston common culture media. we have considered three fungal culture media, i.e. pda, pca andwa, based on which p. oryzae sporula...

Aristotle valued still contemplation as the highest level o activity (and productivity) possible, whereas today, much more visible (but less productive) behaviours are associat ed with the notion of ‘activity’ [4,6]. In many established settings, academia needs to take a step backwards and once again value behaviours associated with communica tion and contemplation, rather than be obsessed with...

The effect on deep body temperature of infants co-sleeping (with either or both parents) is investigated in this case control study. Overnight continuous recordings of rectal temperature were made from 34 babies co-sleeping with one or both parents throughout the night and 34 infants matched for age, feeding regimen, parental smoking, thermal environment, sleeping position, and sex who slept al...