A b s t r a c t Starting from the QCD Lagrangian we derive the effective action for massive quark and antiquark at large distances, corresponding to the minimal area low of the Wilson loop. The path integral method is used to quantize the system and the spectrum is obtained with asymptotically linear Regge trajec-tories. Two dynamical regimes distinguished by the string energy–momentum distribu...

Weakly nonlinear reflection of internal waves from uniform slopes produces higher harmonics and mean fields; the expressions are here derived for constant stratification and with Coriolis effects fully included, i.e. the horizontal component f̃ of the earth rotation vector (referred to as “non-traditional”) is taken into account. Uniformity in one of the horizontal directions is assumed. It is s...

The two Cantonese rising tones, high-rising and low/mid-low rising tones, are found to maintain their distinct slopes of F0(fundamental frequency)-rise and offset F0 under different speaking rates. This suggests the two as possible acoustic cues for rising tone discrimination. The rising contours, under whichever speaking rate, reside in area temporally near the syllable offset. Furthermore, th...

To progress in the understanding of the impact of non-linear wave profiles in scattering from sea surfaces, a non-linear model for infinite depth gravity waves is considered. This model, termed the “Choppy Wave Model” (CWM), is based on horizontal deformation of a linear, reference random surface. It is numerically efficient and enjoys explicit second-order statistics for height and slope, whic...

the problem of a footing on slope is encountered regularly in engineering practice, with some noteworthy examples being bridge abutments and basement excavations. in this paper, the bearing capacity of a footing replaced near a slope crest was studied. model tests were carried out using square model footing of 100 mm width. a tank 0.3 m deep, 0.6 m wide, and 0.9 m long was used for the model be...

The purpose of this paper is to review the recent derivatives security research involving liquidity risk and to summarize its implications for practical risk management. The literature supports three general conclusions. The first is that the classical option price is "on average" true, even given liquidity risk. Second, it is well known that although the classical (theoretical) option hedge ca...

An analytical expression for the initial slope T of the hysteresis curve is derived for a stripe domain structure in a thin magnetic film, giving that T-' is proportional to t ' I2 ( t = film thickness). This is confirmed by measurements on RF sputtered CoCr films with 20 nm 5 t 5 950 nm. Theory and comparison with experimental a f ~ results Using the equilibrium condition = 0 we find ap 2tX On...

The effective action for baryons in external electromagnetic fields is found on the basis of QCD string theory. The area law for large Wil-son loops is implied and we use the same string tension as for mesons to have a slope of baryon trajectories considing with the slope of me-son traectories. The asymmetric quark-diquark structure of nucleons is accepted and the approximation of straight-line...

This study investigates the effects of geometric irregularity and surface roughness on the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented dielectric particles. Starting from a regular crystal with smooth faces, effects of roughening are compared with effects of perturbing the regular configuration of the smooth faces. Using the same slope distribution for small roughness facets and tilted fa...