In this paper two energy dispatch controllers for use in a grid-independent photovoltaic (PV) system are presented. The first, an optimal energy dispatch controller, is based on a class of Adaptive Critic Designs (ACDs) called Action Dependent Heuristic Dynamic Programming (ADHDP). This class of ACDs uses two neural networks to evolve an optimal control strategy over time. The first neural netw...

Due to continuous increase of population, this century the old system unfortunately suffers from many problems i-e limited production of electricity, while demand is going to be higher side on daily bases. To resolve this and similar other problems a quantum leap is required to connect communication via information technology. This dive towards a new efficient technology is called Smart Grid. T...

Operating at absolute minimum cost can no longer be the only criterion for dispatching electric power due to increasing concern the environmental consideration. The emission controlled economic dispatch (ECED) problem which accounts for minimization of both fuel cost and emission is a multiple objective function problem. This paper proposed the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) metaheuristic me...

The Smart Grid is not just about the digitalization of the Power Grid. In its more visionary acceptation, it is a model of energy management in which the users are engaged in producing energy as well as consuming it, while having information systems fully aware of the energy demand-response of the network and of dynamically varying prices. A natural question is then: to make the Smart Grid a re...

The objective is to minimize the fuel cost during the grid-connected operation, while ensuring stable operation after islanding. To achieve this goal, the economic dispatch (ED) problem and related constraints are formulated. The constraints considered in this study are: i) reserve for variation in load demand, ii) reserve for variation in the power outputs of non-dispatch able DGs, iii) flow l...

During recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the potential opportunities that can be attained with the use of smart devices in order to gather data or automate processes. This type of communications between devices with minimal human intervention is referred to as Machineto-machine (M2M) communications that can be applied to optimize resources and improve service delivery appli...

In this paper a new integrated model of the dynamic environmental/economic dispatch (DEED) problem and emergency demand response program (EDRP) has been presented by which their interactions are investigated. DEED schedules the online generators power output over the whole dispatch period subject to some practical constraints so that the fuel costs and emission are optimized simultaneously. EDR...