OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of tobacco smoking in an urban East African population while using a simple validation procedure to examine the degree of under reporting in men and women. DESIGN A cross sectional population based study in adults (15 years and over) with sampling from a well maintained census register. SETTING Ilala Ilala, a middle income district of Dar es Salaam, Tan...

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can estimate volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and distinguish trabecular from cortical bone. Few comprehensive studies have examined correlates of vBMD in older men. This study evaluated the impact of demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical factors on vBMD in 1172 men aged 69 to 97 years and enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men S...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although gender differences in cigarette smoking in the U.S. population have been documented, information on these differences among working adults is limited. PURPOSE To describe the current smoking prevalence by gender among working U.S. adults and examine gender differences in smoking by occupation. METHODS ...

Background. Bone mineral density (BMD) screening guidelines for osteoporosis in men seem to have remained unclear. We aimed to set up a predictive index for the osteoporosis(PIO) in men under 70 years of age and present the optimal cutoff value of it, so that clinicians might use it to identify male candidates who benefit from taking the BMD screening. Methods. Adult men under 70 years old who ...

AIMS To examine the risk factors for age related maculopathy (ARM) in a sample Japanese population. METHODS In 1998, a cross sectional community survey was conducted among residents of Hisayama. A total of 596 men and 886 women living in Hisayama, Japan, aged 50 years or older consented to participate in the study. Each participant underwent a comprehensive examination that included an ophtha...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoking has been recognized as a prominent threat to women's health. We investigated the impact of smoking on clinical outcomes in Korean female patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Out of the AMI patients who enrolled in the Korea AMI Registry, 4444 female patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into tw...

Cigarette smoking in college is often described as social smoking, but the term lacks definition and implicitly discounts dependence. We report on college students' use of the terms social smoker and smoker. Students who currently smoked cigarettes were asked whether they considered themselves smokers, and whether they smoked because they were social smokers. The survey was conducted during 199...