That people evaluate themselves more favourably than their average peer on desirable characteristics - the better-than-average effect (BTAE) - is one of the most frequently cited instances of motivated self-enhancement. It has been argued, however, that the BTAE can be rational when the distribution of characteristics is skewed such that most people lie above the mean. We addressed whether the ...

Judicial decisions established legal standards for prison conditions and the treatment of prisoners. Prisoners used the litigation process to seek judicial enforcement of these rights-based standards that restricted the autonomy previously enjoyed by correctional officials. Judicial intervention into corrections transformed corrections by pushing all correctional institutions to become professi...

It is well-known that suicidal behavior is very common among criminal justice clients, both among those serving community sentences and among prison inmates. Suicide rates among prisoners are considerably higher than in the general population. There is great concern over high rates of suicide and suicidal behavior in prisons, with suicide prevention becoming a major challenge for penal institut...

In recently published articles, there has been an underemphasis on the role serious mental illness (SMI) plays in causing persons to be in the criminal justice system. Increasing attention has been paid to other factors, including criminogenic needs. While these needs may be present and contribute to criminal behavior, persons with SMI who are at greatest risk of criminalization are those who a...

The current article addresses the psychometric qualities of the German Version of Gudjonsson's Blame Attribution Inventory (GBAI), a self-report scale for measuring attribution of blame for crime. The GBAI was administered to a criminal sample of forensic and criminal inmates (n=107). Findings indicate that the German version of the Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory possesses acceptable te...

At midyear 1997, more than 1.7 million people, or 1 of every 155 U.S. residents, were in either jail or prison. At yearend 1997, 1 of every 117 males and 1 of every 1,852 females in this country were sentenced prisoners under State or Federal criminal jurisdiction.1 Fifteen million arrests are made annually,2 and more than 10 million individuals are released from detention each year. Approximat...

There is debate about whether the psychopath’s criminal behaviour is a consequence of abnormal personality traits or a symptom of psychopathy. The aim of this study was to examine independent associations between offending behaviour over the lifetime and psychopathy in a representative sample of male and female offenders. A two-stage survey was carried out among prisoners in all prisons in Engl...

with the adoption of the new islamic penal code, the electronic monitoring was entered iranian criminal justice system, while in the system of other countries, have the older history. comprising more than five decades of history in america and adopted in thirty different countries act. in the new islamic penal code, implementation of electronic surveillance, as many of these institutions are su...

Correctional systems, already struggling to meet the basic and functional requirements of older prisoners, will be further challenged by the increasing medical and psychiatric needs of this population. Mental health and general medical care for older adults requires specific on-site or consultation expertise in geriatric medicine and psychiatry, as well as potential changes in infrastructure, b...

BACKGROUND The aim of present article is to compare patients with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex and prison inmates in terms of social intelligence and social intelligence monitoring. In addition, personal principles and emotional regulation of behavior will be assessed in both groups. MATERIAL/METHODS 20 patients with orbitofrontal cortical injury, 20 prisoners and 20 controls answered q...