In many group-living animals dominant individuals occupy the center of a group. This is generally thought to reflect a preference for locations, that provide optimal protection against predators. However, in this paper I will show that such spatial-structure also emerges among artificial entities that lack preference for any spatial location. The artificial entities dwell in a homogeneous world...

While individual variation in social behaviour is ubiquitous and causes social groups to differ in structure, how these structural differences affect fitness remains largely unknown. We used social network analysis of replicate bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli) harems to identify the reproductive correlates of social network structure. In stable groups, we quantified agonistic behaviour, repro...

Consider the problem of selection involved in choosing seeds from plants showing a certain dominant character, while no effort is made to influence the source of pollen. In the following discussion the fate of a single Mendelian character will be studied under such mating. The conclusion can be stated thus: The limiting population resulting from the type of mating in question i s all of one cl...

Olfactory cues are among the sensory inputs that crayfish use in establishing dominance hierarchies. Throughout their lives, new neurons are continuously added into brain cell clusters 9 and 10, which contain somata of olfactory local and projection interneurons, respectively. Using markers for DNA synthesis (bromodeoxyuridine) and mitosis (phospho-histone-3), we tested juvenile crayfish (Proca...

Over the period 2007–2019, author’s censuses of steppe birds in Azov-Black Sea dry-steppe enclave determined five species as dominants and co-dominants by their abundance. Thus, Melanocorypha calandra dominates throughout whole area, Emberiza 4 subregions co-dominates 5 subregions, Motacilla feldegg, hortulana, Anthus campestris, Alauda arvensis dominate 1 subregion do not or co-dominate 1–4 su...