With the advent of data mining, in many applications the automated decision making systems are used to make fair decision, but there can be discrimination hidden in the decision made by system. Discrimination refers to treating person or entity unfairly based on their membership to a certain group. Discrimination can be observed not only in social sense but also in data mining. People do not wa...

BACKGROUND HIV infection rates are increasing among marginalized women in Ontario, Canada. HIV-related stigma, a principal factor contributing to the global HIV epidemic, interacts with structural inequities such as racism, sexism, and homophobia. The study objective was to explore experiences of stigma and coping strategies among HIV-positive women in Ontario, Canada. METHODS AND FINDINGS We...

Facial identity discrimination is crucial for success in the social world. Yet, how this task is accomplished remains incompletely understood. Face perception involves identifying members of same or different of social categories (such as gender and race). We know that differences in facial morphology are critical for discriminating individual faces. What is unclear, however, is whether the sam...

Patterns of mental health are clearly associated with life circumstances, including educational and economic opportunities, access to safe and supportive neighborhoods, socially structured exposures to stressors and to supportive relationships. In this article, we examine the social and economic correlates of depressive symptoms among African American women residing within a predominantly Afric...

Two groups of rabbits were trained on a brightness discrimination task. A two-choice discrimination apparatus was used. By means of food reward one group of rabbits was trained to open the darkest gate, the other was trained to open the brightest gate. The second group learned significantly faster than the first one.

Musical priming research has reported that sensory consonance/dissonance judgements for a target chord were faster when targets were musically related to a musical prime context. The present study extended this context effect to a timbre discrimination task. This new task allowed us to investigate whether musical priming results from congruency effects similar to those reported in other domains...

Pregnancy discrimination exhibits a coherent social logic. The exclusion of women from employment on the basis of pregnancy perpetuates the sexual division of productive and reproductive labor, thereby confirming women's second class status in the work force. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 amends Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by clarifying that the Act's proscription of se...

Social discrimination discovery from data is an important task to identify illegal and unethical discriminatory patterns towards protected-by-law groups, e.g., ethnic minorities. We deploy privacy attack strategies as tools for discrimination discovery under hard assumptions which have rarely tackled in the literature: indirect discrimination discovery, privacy-aware discrimination discovery, a...

Social Comparison and Performance: Experimental Evidence on the Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis We investigate the impact of wage comparisons for worker productivity. We present three studies which all use three-person gift-exchange experiments. Consistent with Akerlof and Yellen’s (1990) fair wage-effort hypothesis we find that disadvantageous wage discrimination leads to lower efforts while advan...