Using a millennium of data for 12 countries in the East and in the West this paper tests the extent to which the three most influential hypotheses on growth and development can shed light on why some economies developed earlier than others and which factors were fundamental for the Great Divergence. These hypotheses are the contracting institutions, property right institutions, and culture. It ...

Investigation of the social evolution process and its differences from the natural evolution requires methodological substantiation. This article proposes a methodological approach based on the Hegelian dialectics. We distinguish two types of development: development based on external premises and development based on own foundation (self-development). The dialectics of preservation and change ...

introduction: in recent years, public universities have faced many socio-economic changes. on one hand, these universities are under the main influence of the independence resulted from article 49 of law of the fourth economic, social and cultural development plan of the islamic republic of iran, and on the other hand, they have undergone double pressure due to the alterations in the number of ...

There is much research on social network analysis but only recently did scholars turn their attention to the volatility of social networks. An abundance of questions emerged. How does a social network evolve – can we nd laws and derive models that explain its evolution? How do communities emerge in a social network and how do they expand or shrink? What is a community in an evolving network – c...

Structure and evolution of networks have been areas of growing interest in recent years, especially with the emergence of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and its application in numerous fields. Researches on diffusion are focusing on network modeling for studying spreading phenomena. While the impact of network properties on spreading is now widely studied, involvement of network dynamicity is ve...

Group size is a core trait defining social systems, social complexity and social structure, so understanding group-size evolution is critical to understanding the evolution of sociality. Traditional views of group-size evolution focus on ecological factors such as predation risk and physical resources, but the additional factor of time has remained largely unexplored. Time is a valuable limited...

The evolution of unusually large brains in some groups of animals, notably primates, has long been a puzzle. Although early explanations tended to emphasize the brain's role in sensory or technical competence (foraging skills, innovations, and way-finding), the balance of evidence now clearly favors the suggestion that it was the computational demands of living in large, complex societies that ...