Memory is always constructive. People create the past based on the information that remains in memory, their general knowledge, and the social demands of the retrieval situation. Thus, memories will often contain some small errors and occasionally some large errors. In this article, we describe several different types of memory errors and consider how these errors may influence therapy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The majority of patients with social phobia reports experiencing negative images, usually linked to memories of earlier aversive social experiences. Several studies have indicated that such negative self-imagery appears to have a causal role in maintaining social phobia, which suggests that interventions aimed at dealing with these images could be beneficial in the tre...

Models of episodic emotional memory typically concern why events are more likely to be remembered than neutral events, focusing on interactions between the amygdala and other medial temporal lobe regions. But memories can distinguished by their affective tone framing. We propose that dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), a region is increasingly recognized crosscut socio-affective cognitive do...

This study uses online reviews to explore memorable tourism experiences of tourists visiting different city attractions. Seeking identify a collection themes and concepts reflecting tourists' during their attraction visits, this reveals the most shared memories in cognitive-emotive-behavioral themes. By developing matrix that categorizes tourist attractions based on an ideographic approach, als...

Understanding memory processes in social anxiety is important because these individuals often report negative memories of anxiety-provoking situations and because of the recent emphasis on learning and memory in models of anxiety. The authors examined the effect of learning on memory for negative social, positive social, and nonsocial information using the retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm ...