All pairs of names generated by the individual names of nine historically important psychologists were submitted as queries to the Google search engine. The resulting page counts were used to generate similarity/dissimilarity indices that were submitted to both cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. Both of the analyses separated the names into three distinct clusters that were easily a...

Researchers (e.g., Butler, 1987; Elliott & Dweck, 1988; Grolnick & Ryan, 1987) have recently studied the impact oftwo different motivational states and have hypothesized that attempting to attain mastery (learning goal) leads to better performance than attempting to demonstrate that one has high ability (performance goal). This article presents a meta-analysis of research in which motivational ...

I am writing to convey my editorial decision concerning your recent submission entitled, “Illusory Correlation, Sample Size, and Memory: A Connectionist Approach,” which was co-authored with Frank Van Overwalle. I have received reviews of your manuscript from three experts in the areas of illusory correlation and connectionist modeling; their very thoughtful commentaries are attached. As you wi...

Recent research (Cohen & Garcia, 2005) shows that threat effects may occur in the absence of direct evaluative pressure. This article extends this finding to motor behavior. The stereotype of shyness among women was activated or not, and subsequent shy behavior in front of a researcher was measured for male and female students. The threatened female students were shyer than the other three grou...

Recipients with access to attitude-relevant information in memory were thought to draw on these beliefs and prior experiences to evaluate the validity of message arguments. Consistent with this idea, persuasion for these recipients was largely a function of the perceived validity of message content: Messages containing high-quality arguments were more persuasive than messages containing lowqual...

This article addresses the debate between emotion-expression and motive-communication approaches to facial movements, focusing on Ekman's (1972) and Fridlund's (1994) contrasting models and their historical antecedents. Available evidence suggests that thepresence ofothers either reduces or increasesfacial responses, depending on the quality and strength ofthe emotional manipulation and on the ...

22 Gender gaps in early career development of university graduates. Why are women less successful than men?