The present article studies and analyses plan and planning in Iran with respect to parameters of the idea of formation, birth, objectives, strategy and its functioning. Iran has half-a-century record of planning, and has implemented 7 constructional and developmental plans so far (5 plans before and 2 plans after the Revolution). Right now, Iran is implementing her third developmental plan. Two...

English language teaching (ELT) in Iran has experienced a turbulent history reflecting an often dynamic context and changing attitudes toward English, yet framed within a discourse of tolerance rather than one of embrace, as this study is going to show. The discourse was much brighter before the Islamic Revolution and this study reveals that there were much fewer adverse policies toward the spr...

Xin Liu Submitted for the degree of Dphil International Relations Origins of Peasant Socialism in China The International Relations of China’s Modern Revolution More than six decades after its occurrence, China’s ‘peasant revolution’ of 1949 remains an enigma. According to classical Marxism, peasants are passive ‘objects of history’ who must be transformed into industrial workers before they ca...

primary man in trying to find food went everywhere. but by forming ranching arranged a chain of places and became emigrant. by happening industrial revolution, human life was centralized on one place.  places that base on its advantages make different biologic and behavioral types. forming cities in seaboard, river shore, boundary of mountains and champaign cause to make different cultures that...

After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Hijab as a kind of Islamic dressing-system was an important subject. Sociologically, Hijab is a kind of social phenomenon, and it is also a key for social trust specially for social interaction in the society. This paper tries to study what else is important in Hijab among the females between 15-30 years old in Isfahan. The results from 390 female responden...

a response to the problem of irans backwardness preoccupied the minds of intellectual and political forces. since irans failure from russia while different domestic and external factors caused to defeat, differend and even contending views concerning irans backwardness played a key role in these failures. these diverse and contending views which arised at first in compilation of laws and establ...

muslim students were one of the active subjects during the movement of imam khomeini and advance its goals. positions and hence the course of political and intellectual developments in the islamic institutions as the main artery of the student movement in those years, can be enlightening part of the islamic revolution is on. due to the ability of laclau and muffe discourse in explaining social ...