This paper aims at explaining medium-term fertility variations in twentieth century Sweden by relating the total fertility rate to macro-level economic change and gender-specific changes in economic factors relevant to women’s childbearing behaviour. Economic theory is combined with a structural analytical approach in the multivariate time series analysis of the determinants of fertility. A mod...

Sustainable and rational management of agrophytocenoses depends on various bioindices and methods of application, particularly the development and protection of soil resources (Lai et al., 2002). Among other indices, enzyme activity is proposed as a universal index of soil fertility and contamination (Dilly et al., 2003). To ascertain and to make a comparison of bioactivity variation during the...

introduction carbon sequestration is one of the most important approaches to reduce co2 concentration in the atmosphere. increase of co2 in the atmosphere has prompted renewed interest in increasing the stocks of carbon (c) in the world’s croplands to mitigate climate change and also improve soil quality ipcc (2000). to better characterize, predict and manage soil c dynamics, more precise and a...

Nitrogen (N)-fixing species have a function to enrich N in soil. Mixing N-fixing shrub species into poplar stands can be assumed as a measure to increase productivity while improving soil fertility. To verify this assumption and to understand the temporal influences of N-fixing shrub species mixed into poplar plantations on soil fertility, we investigated selected soil chemical and microbial pr...

consumption of manure from livestock and human health aspect and their utilization as fuel, animal feed and fertilizer are important. due to the domination of livestock farming system, limited number of animals and lack of chemical fertilizer in the traditional agriculture, consumption of animal manure in the agricultural land of country was in an efficient way. introduction of   chemical ferti...

This paper uses data from the 1993 Survey of Household Income and Wealth of the Bank of Italy in order to estimate a reduced form purist model of female fertility and labour force participation. In particular, we focus our attention on the effect of formal education on both fertility and labour force participation behaviour. Our estimates show that education raises both the probability of givin...

soil conservation is one of the most important regulative functions of natural ecosystems. this function is of high importance in taleghan watershed due to high erosion quantity and sediment accumulation in taleghan dam reservoir. soil loss reduction, sedimentation control and fertility conservation were considered as different aspects of soil conservation. effect of land use and vegetation cov...