One of the most significant issues that need addressing is lack clean and fresh water. There no substitute for water, there a growing innovative modern desalination systems design solar-driven desalination. A normal solar system consists tank, glass plate to cover tank and, small reservoir collect it. We will incorporate additional setups into our improve performance standard traditional system...

In the rapidly developing shale gas industry, managing produced water is a major challenge for maintaining the profitability of shale gas extraction while protecting public health and the environment. We review the current state of practice for produced water management across the United States and discuss the interrelated regulatory, infrastructure, and economic drivers for produced water reus...

In this paper, a simulation model of a spray flash desalination system is proposed. In the spray flash desalination system, the freshwater is made from the evaporation-condensation process, i.e., evaporation of warm surface seawater in a flash chamber and condensation of the generated vapor by deep cool seawater. A simulation model of the spray flash desalination system is constructed by using ...

Rising dissolution of anthropogenic CO2 in seawater may directly/indirectly cause ocean acidification and desalination. However, little is known about coastal physiological functions sensitivity to these processes. Here we show some links between ocean acidification/desalination and physiological functions in Thalassiosira weissflogii. Cell density (CD), protein, chlorophyll a (Chl a), malonald...

Growing populations and periodic drought conditions have exacerbated water stress in many areas worldwide. In response, some municipalities have considered desalination of saline water as a freshwater supply. Unfortunately, desalination requires a sizeable energy investment. However, renewable energy technologies can be paired with desalination to mitigate concern over the environmental impacts...

China is a country with severe water shortages. Water is becoming scarcer due to population growth, industrialization and urbanization. Recent studies show that by the next 50 years water resources per capita will go down to around 1700 m 3, which is the threshold of severe water scarcity. Especially in North China, water shortage has become a critical constraint factor for socioeconomic develo...

There is an increasing need for the desalination of high concentration brine (>TDS 35,000 ppm) efficiently and economically, either for the treatment of produced water from shale gas/oil development, or minimizing the environmental impact of brine from existing desalination plants. Yet, reverse osmosis (RO), which is the most widely used for desalination currently, is not practical for brine de...

Thermal desalination plants consume large quantifies of heat energy for seawater evaporation. In condensing water vapor procured in evaporators and cooling distillate, a major part of heat energy is lost in the environment. Heat energy in processes of condensation and evaporation in desalination of seawater is quantitatively equal but these processes take place under different temperatures. Dif...