the term 'membrane bioreactor' expresses a combination of activated sludge and membrane separation processes. the need to processes like sedimentation and disinfection used in common methods is eliminated through mbr systems in a way that membranes are placed into or out of an aeration tank and the vacuumed wastewater created by the suction pump is pulled up from inside the membranes and leaves...

the aim of this work was to optimize the coagulation-flocculation (cf) process applied tomunicipal wastewaters (ww). optimization of cf was performed to minimize chemical oxygen demand(cod), turbidity, sludge produced, and some metals in sludge. a box-behnken design was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three factors such as type of biopolymer (guar, mesquite seed gum and opuntia...

Background: Considering the toxic effects of heavy metals and microbial pathogens in industrial wastewaters, it is necessary to treat metal and microbial contaminated wastewater prior to disposal in the environment. The purpose of this study is to assess the removal of heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination from a mixture of municipal and industrial wastewater using membrane biorea...

A new type of biofilter packed with composite carriers was designed for tertiary denitrification of the secondary effluent with removal of both oxidized nitrogen and suspended solids (SS). At the empty bed residence time of 15 min and organic carbon to nitrate nitrogen (C/NO3-N) ratios of 2, 1.5 and 1 g/g, the removal percentage of NO3-N was 67%, 58% and 36% in the ethanol biofilter, and was 61...

The present study was done to shorten the start-up time of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Two different nutrients were used during the UASB start-up period, which was designed to decrease the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 48 to 24 and 12 to 6 hrs at average temperatures of 25-34 oC. In the first stage, start-up was with glucose for 14 days and then the reactor was also f...

background: considering the toxic effects of heavy metals and microbial pathogens in industrial wastewaters, it is necessary to treat metal and microbial contaminated wastewater prior to disposal in the environment. the purpose of this study is to assess the removal of heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination from a mixture of municipal and industrial wastewater using membrane bioreac...

heavily polluted wastewater from sanitary landfill presents the leachate characteristics that need special treatment and disposal. concentration of chemical oxygen demand (cod), ammonia nitrogen (nh3-n), heavy metal and other pollutant content are often larger than standard requirement after applying biological/physico-chemical treatment.thus, the combination of coagulationflocculation and chem...

coagulants exert a significant influence on removing turbidity, tss and cod. this study has examined the effects of poly-aluminium chloride (pac), aluminium sulphate (alum) and ferric chloride on removal of turbidity, tss, cod from greywater in residential complexes of miners working in decorative stone mines. also, a comparison was undertaken with the electrocoagulation system to find out whet...