High resolution 295i and 170 NMR spectroscopy has been used to identify selfand cross-condensation products in sols prepared from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and organically modified triethoxysilanes (RTES, where R is a methyl, ethyl or phenyl group). The sols were prepared by the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of TEOS and RTES with H20/Si mole ratios of 0.15, 0.3 or 0.5. Resonance assignments were mad...

The present work demonstrates a validation of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combining with ultra violet and visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) analysis for characterization of silver sols synthesized in polymer matrices. Polymer matrix internal structure and polymer chemical nature actually controlled the sol size characteristics. It was shown that for...

Patients with chronic bronchial sepsis have impaired mucociliary clearance. A study was carried out on the effect of sputum sol (obtained by rapid centrifugation of purulent sputum) from 20 patients with chronic bronchial sepsis on the beating of human nasal cilia in vitro by a photometric technique. Thirteen sols caused significant (p less than 0.001) ciliary slowing. Two patterns of slowing w...

The retention behaviour of polyimide ultrafiltration membranes was investigated using dilute solutions of polystyrene in ethyl acetate as test solutions. It is shown that flow-induced deformation of the polystyrene chains highly affects the membrane retention. This coil-stretch transition is not instantaneous, but gradual. The concept of a deformation resistance has been introduced to explain t...

Three different surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra are recorded for aspartic acid on H(2)O silver sols under different concentrations and pH values. The analysis of the results shows that it interacts with the metal surface in its dianionic form in two different ways, depending on the pH and concentration. Moreover, in some cases the fumarate anion is detected, which results from ...

many studies have been accomplished on the subject of cyrus cylinder inscription, but mythological role of mesopotamian nabu on this cylinder has not been properly studied. the cylinder is damaged on some parts and nabu and marduk are the only remained god-names in the inscription. nabu was the god of writing, wisdom, and to some extent happiness who protected scribes and was believed to be the...

The short range molecular structure of ogarose in the sol state and r-carrageenans in the gel state have been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (0.1< q(nm'l) < 2.5). Agarose in the sol state possesses a rod-like conformation (minimum persistence length of 14 nm) with a mass per unit length consistent with a single helm The existence of a double helix in the gel state is accordingly...

This article deciphers and analyzes a  previously unknown Sassanian mint location represented by the inscription WLČ., based on the analysis of a Middle Persian inscription found in Persepolis, and on the linguistic changes that occurred during the transition to modern Persian. Evidence is presented to show that this previously unknown Sassanian mint designation corresponds to the modern-day ci...

Prelaunch planetary protection protocols on spacecraft are designed to reduce the numbers and diversity of viable bioloads on surfaces in order to mitigate the forward contamination of planetary surfaces. In addition, there is a growing appreciation that prelaunch spacecraft cleaning protocols will be required to reduce the levels of biogenic signature molecules on spacecraft to levels that wil...