Free water reabsorption (T(c) (H2O)) measured during 10% mannitol diuresis and subsequently during 3% saline diuresis was compared in patients with sickle cell anemia and in normal subjects. During mannitol infusion, T(c) (H2O) progressively rose with increasing osmolar clearance (C(osm)) and reached a maximal level in both groups studied. During hypertonic saline diuresis, T(c) (H2O) progressi...

For many years analytical ultracentrifugation was the major source of information on the heterogeneity and molecular size of macromolecules. In the field of protein chemistry the question of solute heterogeneity is now usually addressed by gel electrophoretic and gel chromatographic techniques, and the molecular wetght is either calculated from the amino acid sequence or obtained by mass sPectr...

Knowing the overall solute flux and the partial fluxes expressed by every single transport layer, the membrane internal interface concentrations can separately be expressed. Both the overall transport coefcient and the driving force strongly depend, among others, on the value of the structural parameter and the water permeability. Study of the interface concentrations as ...

MARSH, DONALD J., AND LEE A. SEGEL. Analysis of countercurrent di$usion exchange in blood vessels of the renal medulla. Am. J. Physiol. 221(3): 817-828. 1971 .-A model of the vasa recta was developed to explore the significance of dissimilarities between ascending and descending vasa recta for countercurrent exchange efficiency, and also to examine the interaction between countercurrent exchang...

Concentration of Osmotically active solutes plays a key role in an acceptance of parenteral infusions by patients. It is generally recommended that labels of infusions should list osmolarity (osmol/l). However, osmometer can only read osmolality (osmol/kg). The conversion of the experimental readings to the declared osmotic concentration wants to study the relationship between osmolality and os...

The ultrafiltration of plasma in the mammalian glomerulus is the first step in the processing of blood by the kidney. Proper functioning of this process is critical to the kidney’s ability to effectively eliminate waste and retain desirable substances. The glomerular barrier has long been regarded as both a size and charge selective screen for plasma solutes. The origin of this selectivity is f...

Available models of solute transport in heterogeneous formations lack in providing complete characterization of the predicted concentration. This is a serious drawback especially in risk analysis where confidence intervals and probability of exceeding threshold values are required. Our contribution to fill this gap of knowledge is a probability distribution model for the local concentration of ...

This experiment demonstrates the use of colligative properties. The goal is to measure the molecular weight of a non-volatile solute by determining the concentration dependence of the boiling point elevation of a solution. The solvent used must be one of the compounds commonly referred to as volatile; that is, it must have an appreciable vapor pressure. One of the several useful aspects of coll...