We studied a device that is commonly used for amplitude demodulation of respiratory muscle electromyograms (EMG). This device contains a rectifier and a low-pass filter called a modified third-order Paynter filter. We characterized this filter and found that it has good transient characteristics that suit its task as an EMG demodulator, but it has poor high-frequency attenuation that passes int...

Markov chains with variable length are useful parsimonious stochastic models able to generate most stationary sequence of discrete symbols. The idea is identify the suffixes past, called contexts, that relevant predict future symbol. Sometimes a single state context, and looking at past finding this specific makes further irrelevant. States such property renewal states they can be used split ch...

In order to improve the performance of X-band dual-polarization radars, it is necessary to conduct attenuation correction before using the X-band radar data. This study analyzes a variety of attenuation correction methods for the X-band radar reflectivity, and proposes a high-resolution slide self-consistency correction (SSCC) method, which is an improvement of Kim et al.’s method based on Brin...

Sound and pressure wave propagation in a granular material is of interest not only for its intrinsic and practical value, but also because it provides a non-intrusive means of probing the state of a granular material. By examining wave speeds and attenuation, insight can be gained into the nature of the contacts between the particles. In the present paper, wave speeds and attenuation rates are ...

The attenuation of seismic waves is one of the basic physical parameters used in seismological studies and earthquake engineering, which is closely related to the seismicity and regional tectonic activity of a particular area. In this work, the seismic attenuation in the Straits of Messina, affected by several and strong historical earthquakes, was studied using waveforms recorded by a local se...

Spectral optoacoustic (OA) imaging enables spatially-resolved measurement of blood oxygenation levels, based on the distinct optical absorption spectra of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. Wavelength-dependent optical attenuation in the bulk tissue, however, distorts the acquired OA spectrum and thus makes quantitative oxygenation measurements challenging. We demonstrate a correction for this...

[1] We examine waveforms and data used to construct coda magnitude in southern California to estimate the spatial variation of coda Q and its dependence on frequency. Our analysis combined with independent borehole data suggests that coda is mainly generated by multiple scattering in the upper few kilometers of the crust where large impedance contrasts occur because of surface layering or fract...

An analysis of attenuation and absorption lengths of the electron number using data of the KASCADE air shower experiment is presented. The following methods are used to determine these quantities: The method of constant intensity, the attenuation of the electron number at the knee with increasing atmospheric depth, the decrease of the flux at a constant electron number with increasing zenith an...

The concept of dynamic permeability is reviewed. Modeling of seismic wave propagation using dynamic permeability is important for analyzing data as a function of frequency. In those systems where the intrinsic attenuation of the wave is caused in large part by viscous losses due to the presence of fluids, the dynamic permeability provides a very convenient and surprisingly universal model of th...