Deletion of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome is the most frequent molecularly defined cause of spermatogenic failure. We report three unrelated men in whom azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia was caused by de-novo AZFc deletions, and who produced sons by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We employed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to examine the Y chromosomes of their four in...

A few studies have found poor semen quality in sons whose mothers have received fertility treatment, but it is unknown whether the poor semen quality is related to the infertility treatment or to infertility per se, for example, whether it is caused by hereditable factors. Using data from a population-based, Danish follow-up study conducted in 2005–2006, the authors of the present study examine...

Models suggest that dispersal patterns will influence age- and sex-dependent helping behavior in social species. Duolocal social systems (where neither sex disperses and mating is outside the group) are predicted to be associated with mothers favoring sons over daughters (because the latter are in reproductive competition with each other). Other models predict daughter-biased investment when be...

Using a sample of 2090 British father and son pairs the relationships between social and geographical intra- and inter-generational mobility were examined in relation to height, weight and body mass index (BMI). There was much more social mobility than geographical (regional) migration. Social mobility and geographical migration were not independent: socially non-mobile fathers and sons were mo...