The effect on aerosol deposition from a pressurised metered dose inhaler of a 750 cm3 spacer device with a one way inhalation valve (Nebuhaler, Astra Pharmaceuticals) was assessed by means of an in vivo radiotracer technique. Nine patients with obstructive lung disease took part in the study. The pattern of deposition associated with use of a metered dose inhaler alone was compared with that ac...

The portion of the internal transcribed spacer 1 found on 20S pre-rRNA accumulates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking 5'----3' exoribonuclease 1, showing that an endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3' terminus of 18S rRNA is involved in the 20S pre-rRNA to 18S mature rRNA conversion. Smaller fragments of the spacer sequence are also found. The exoribonuclease may be involved as a cytoplasmic RNase...

A finite element based numerical model has been employed to describe momentum and mass transfer in open and spacer-filled crossflow membrane channels. Simulations considering operating conditions typical of seawater (SW), brackish water (BW), and reuse water (RW) reverse osmosis (RO) applications are employed for optimization of hypothetical spiral wound element feed spacer designs. Preliminary...

Background: Delayed graft function is a main complication after deceased donor kidney transplantation that adversely affects graft outcome. Difficulties in prediction and early detection of delayed graft function have hindered the ability to perform proper therapeutic interventions. We investigated whether measuring urinary interleukin 18 and neutrophi...

SpacerDB consists of all the annotated CRISPR spacer sequences in the database CRISPRdb, and was downloaded from the web site of CRISPRdb (Grissa, et al., 2007) on April 14, 2014. CRISPR spacers are not random nucleotide sequences, and are supposed to originate from the foreign invasive elements like phages (Deveau, et al., 2010). So a DR flanking sequence matching a known spacer may also be a ...

INTRODUCTION Albuterol aerosol is commonly administered to mechanically ventilated neonates via metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer. The spacer increases the dead space in the ventilation circuit, and some institutions limit the amount of time the spacer remains in line, to minimize carbon dioxide retention and the risk of hypercarbia. However, minimizing the amount of time the spacer remain...

background: the most common treatment for asthma is transferring the drug into the lungs by inhaler devices. besides, correct use of inhaled medication is required for effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. thus, it is necessary to train the patients how to use metered dose inhaler (mdi). this study aimed to determine the effect of training about mdi usage with or without spacer on maximum expirator...

The intergenic spacer (IGS) region of rDNA in Daucus carota contains at least eight kinds of repeated sequence. One sequence may act as a genuine initiation site for a stable transcript and another may act as a spacer promoter that may be an entry site for proteins required for transcription.

To synthesize ligands that are capable of coordinating two metals, 1,4-dilithiumbenzene and 4,4′-dilithiumbiphenyl were reacted with different sulfurdiimides to give coupled diimidosulfinates. [(THF)4Li2{(NSiMe3)2S}2biphenyl] (1) and [(THF)1.5Li2{(NSiMe3)2S}2biphenyl]∞ (2) could be isolated and structurally characterized. While 1 forms distinct molecules in the solid state, 2 crystallizes in in...

Abstract Background Irreparable rotator cuff tears are common and difficult to treat. Techniques for “filling the loss of substance” require fixation stump (tendon augmentation) or glenoid (superior capsular reconstruction), which complicated by narrow working zone subacromial space. The main objective this study was determine whether a braided graft gracilis (GR) semitendinosus (ST) could fill...