Using optical imaging based on intrinsic signals, we studied spatial frequency tuning characteristics of cat primary visual cortex at different visual topological locations. We found that the areas representing the peripheral visual field had null or very weak responses to high spatial frequency grating stimuli, whereas the areas representing the central visual field responded to the stimuli of...

The daily diarymethodwas used to examine the daily dynamics of adolescent sleep time, activities, and psychological well-being among an ethnically diverse sample of over 750 adolescents approximately 14–15 years of age. Studying and stressful demands during the day were modestly but consistently associated with less sleep that evening. Receiving less sleep at night, in turn, was modestly but co...

Gender Differences Across the Earnings Distribution: Evidence from NLS:86 & HSB:92 This study examines gender differences in the earnings of young adults in the 1980s and 1990s. We determine changes in the gender gap over time in the middle, the tails, and the variability of the earnings distribution. We employ data from two longitudinal, nationally probability samples of high school seniors: t...

Geographical body size variation has long interested evolutionary biologists, and a range of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed patterns. It is considered to be more puzzling in ectotherms than in endotherms, and integrative approaches are necessary for testing non-exclusive alternative mechanisms. Using lacertid lizards as a model, we adopted an integrative approach, testing...

Sex differences in central tendency, variability, and numbers of high scores on mental tests have been extensively studied. Research has not always seemed to yield consistent results, partly because most studies have not used representative samples of national populations. An analysis of mental test scores from six studies that used national probability samples provided evidence that although a...

An analysis of six characters from a Chinese television drama reveals socially meaningful patterns of variation in rhythm and final lengthening. Two measures of rhythm, the syllabic PVI and Varco∆S, reveal the three female characters to be more “stress-timed” than the three male characters; smoothing splines analysis, meanwhile, shows that the women do more lengthening of utterance-final syllab...

An essential ability of the motor system is to achieve specified goals with great reliability while the movement trajectories themselves cannot be repeated in an identical fashion. Variability is therefore often different in the outcome and the execution. With this distinction improvements in performance with practice are accompanied by a decrease in variability that can be accounted for by thr...

In their recent and widely publicized paper, Joel et al. (2015) made two main empirical claims. First, they claimed that the brains of individual males and females show very little internal consistency in their combination of " male-typical " and " female-typical " features, e.g.: " Our results demonstrate that even when analyses are restricted to a small number of brain regions (or connections...

Previous studies have reported sex differences in wayfinding performance among adults. Men are typically better at using Euclidean information and survey strategies while women are better at using landmark information and route strategies. However, relatively few studies have examined sex differences in wayfinding in children. This research investigated relationships between route learning perf...

Introduction A great degree of interindividual variability has been reported in measures of psychophysical olfactory performance and odor awareness in both children and adults. Previous studies have suggested the possibility that one of the factors that might contribute to this variability could be the degree of odor exposure experienced in everyday contexts. Aim In the present study, we hypoth...