The Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) has a long tradition of are observations. In this letter, we would like to direct the reader's attention to observations of a small-spot which produced a moderate are activity characterized by 18 C-class and 2 M-class ares. Active region NOAA 8076 (BBSO 3877) was one of the rst active regions in the new Solar Cycle No. 23. We present high spatial resolution...

Mining textual sources of data can be used to design studies and test theories at temporal and spatial scales unheard of in the past. This opens up new opportunities for conflict studies and ethnographic research. We conducted a semi-automated network analysis of the 2003–2010 Sudan Tribune online news articles and modeled ethnic-group conflict in Sudan. We tested whether an ethnic group’s conn...

Crop identification is the basis of crop monitoring using remote sensing. Remote sensing the extent and distribution of individual crop types has proven useful to a wide range of users, including policy-makers, farmers, and scientists. Northern China is not merely the political, economic, and cultural centre of China, but also an important base for grain production. Its main grains are wheat, m...

Civil engineering is changing and needs to change more. This paper attempts to put the evolution of technology and the development of engineering into its historical context, and with it the emergence of problems whose solutions extend beyond technology alone if they are to achieve systems-level solutions. The balancing of economic, social and environmental objectives, both now and into the fut...

In the last few years, cellular automata (CA) have been increasingly used to simulate geographic phenomena due to their computational simplicity and their explicit representation of space. However, recent researches have demonstrated that the classical raster-based CA models are sensitive to spatial scale. In attempts to overcome this problem, this paper presents a novel vector-based CA model, ...

The Scops Owl Otus scops is the most endangered and least studied owl in Europe, with widespread declines reported throughout Europe. The species is qualitatively associated with two threats: changes in agricultural practices and predation by Tawny Owls Strix aluco. We investigated these two threats to a population in the Alps, where land abandonment is causing widespread woodland expansion wit...

Land cover changes significantly influence vegetation greenness in different regions. Dense Landsat time series stacks provide unique opportunity to analyze land cover change and vegetation greenness trends at finer spatial scale. In the past three decades, large reclamation activities have greatly changed land cover and vegetation growth of coastal areas. However, rarely has research investiga...

Solar energy is expected to contribute major shares of the future global energy supply. Due to its fluctuating nature an efficient use will require reliable forecast information of its availability in various time and spatial scales depending on the application. The current status of forecasting solar irradiance for energy generation purposes is briefly reviewed with respect to very short-term ...

High-resolution observations provide evidence of the existence of small-amplitude transverse oscillations in solar filament fine structures. These oscillations are believed to represent fast magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and the disturbances are seen to be damped in short timescales of the order of 1 to 4 periods. We propose that, due to the highly inhomogeneous nature of the filament plasma ...

Characterisation of the spatial structure of population variables is important for several reasons. Firstly, knowledge of how population subgroups are distributed across spatial scales has direct links to several research areas including analyses of deprivation, residential segregation and health status. For any application concerned with concentrations of members of different groups, spatial s...