G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are well known to signal via cyclic AMP (cAMP) production at the plasma membrane, but it is now clear that various GPCRs also signal after internalization. Apart from its temporal impact through prolonging the cellular response, we wondered whether the endosome-initiated signal encodes any discrete spatial information. Using the β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) as a m...

abstract- a real-time, site-specific, machine-vision based, inter-row patch herbicide application system was developed and evaluated. the image resolution was 640 × 480 pixels covering a total area of 350 mm x 240 mm of a field composed of four quadrants of 350 mm x 60 mm each. the image frames were processed by labview® and matlab®. the developed algorithm, based on weed coverage ratio and seg...

An analysis of on-line autonomous robust tracking controller based on variable structure control is presented for an aerospace launch vehicle. Decentralized sliding-mode controller is designed to achieve the decoupled asymptotic tracking of guidance commands upon plant uncertainties and external disturbances. Development and application of the controller for an aerospace launch vehicle during a...

BACKGROUND Large spatial and temporal fluctuations in the population density of living organisms have profound consequences for biodiversity conservation, food production, pest control and disease control, especially vector-borne disease control. Chagas disease vector control based on insecticide spraying could benefit from improved concepts and methods to deal with spatial variations in vector...