This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using optical coherence elastography to measure internal displacements during the curing phase of a light-activated, resin-based composite material. Displacement vectors were spatially mapped over time within a commercial dental composite. Measurements revealed that the orientation of cure-induced displacement vectors varied spatially in a comple...

Spatial variability in crop production occurs as a result of spatial and temporal variations in soil structure and fertility; soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties; irrigation applications; pests and diseases; and plant genetics. It is argued that this variability can be managed and the efficiency of irrigation water use increased by spatially variable application of irrigation water...

Studying hemodynamic changes during early mammalian embryonic development is critical for further advances in prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of congenital cardiovascular (CV) birth defects and diseases. Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to provide sensitive measurements of blood flow in avian and amphibian embryos. We combined Doppler swept-source optical coheren...

We explore near-critical behavior of spatially extended systems on time-dependent spatial domains with convective and dilution effects due to domain flow. As a paradigm, we use the Swift–Hohenberg equation, which is the simplest nonlinear model with a non-zero critical wavenumber, to study dynamic pattern formation on time-dependent domains. A universal amplitude equation governing weakly nonli...

We propose coherence as a tool to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics, in particular, in spatially inhomogeneous dynamical systems. We demonstrate coherence to be an appropriate measure of predictability and, hence, spatial coupling in nonlinear systems, using analysis and via experimental results from a circular jet flow. Coherence measurements reveal sizable regions of strong spatial coupling in...

Flow regimes profoundly influence river organisms and ecosystem functions, but regulatory approaches often lack the scientific basis to support sustainable water allocation. In part, this reflects challenge of understanding ecological effects flow variability over different temporal spatial domains. Here, we use a process-based distributed hydrological model simulate 23 years natural regime in ...

Channel flow of an incompressible fluid at Reynolds numbers above 2400 possesses a number of different spatially localized solutions that approach laminar flow far upstream and downstream. We use one such relative time-periodic solution, which corresponds to a spatially localized version of a Tollmien-Schlichting wave, to illustrate how the upstream and downstream asymptotics can be computed an...

In shear flows at transitional Reynolds numbers, localized patches of turbulence, known as puffs, coexist with the laminar flow. Recently, Avila et al., Phys. Rev. Let. 110, 224502 (2013) discovered two spatially localized relative periodic solutions for pipe flow, which appeared in a saddle-node bifurcation at low speeds. Combining slicing methods for continuous symmetry reduction with Poincar...

This paper presents a space-time finite-volume formulation for the Euler equations, which allows for the use of spatially non-uniform time-steps. The formulation also inherently accounts for the effect of dynamically deforming computational meshes. The space and time dimensions are treated in a unified manner so as to permit the variation of control volume sizes in both dimensions. The primary ...

Infinitesimal and finite amplitude error propagation in spatially extended systems are numerically and theoretically investigated. The information transport in these systems can be characterized in terms of the propagation velocity of perturbations Vp. A linear stability analysis is sufficient to capture all the relevant aspects associated to propagation of infinitesimal disturbances. In partic...