Neural control of the pelvic organs is one of the most intriguing in the body involving both autonomic and somatic components organized in the thoraco-lumbar (sympathetic), lumbosacral (somatic), and sacral (parasympathetic) spinal cord. Loss of supraspinal descending control and plasticity-mediated alterations at the level of the spinal cord, result in loss of voluntary control and in abnormal...

The term sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) encompasses a heterogeneous group patients with clinical syndrome characterized by abdominal pain (biliary colic or pancreatic pain), attributed to motor alterations the SO that cause obstruction flow bile and juice (intermittent fixed acalculous obstruction) reflux same through sphincter. Its diagnosis treatment are controversial. We presented case ...

Background. Sphincter of Oddi manometry is a highly specialized procedure associated with an increased risk of procedural complications. Published studies have typically been performed in large volume manometry centers. Objective. To examine the outcomes and complication rate of SOM when performed in small volumes. Design. Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care referral hospital that infrequ...

The function of the anal sphincters has been studied by obtaining continuous recordings of the pressure in the anal canal and the electromyographic activity in the striated sphincter muscles during expansion of the ampulla recti by means of an air balloon. Ten healthy subjects were examined before and after the striated muscles had been entirely paralysed by bilateral pudendal block, making it ...

I. Anatomy TWo sphincters guard the anal canal, the external sphincter and the internal sphincter. The external sphincter.?The external .sphincter is composed of the subcutaneous part, the superficial part, and the profundus or the deep part. The subcutaneous part is composed of muscle fibres surrounding the anal orifice, and is intimately connected with the skin. It is supplied by perineal bra...

In children technical limitations of upper oesophageal sphincter manometry have restricted investigation to the pull through technique under sedation. In this study we have used an adapted sleeve manometric technique for upper oesophageal sphincter monitoring in unsedated children and determined the influence of the state of arousal on upper oesophageal sphincter pressure. Twenty six children a...

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction refers to structural or functional disorders involving the biliary sphincter that may result in impedance of bile and pancreatic juice flow. Up to 20% of patients with continued pain after cholecystectomy and 10–20% of patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis may suffer from sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This condition is more prevalent among middle-aged wo...

Lower oesophageal sphincter pressures in healthy volunteers were measured by a rapid pull-through technique during intravenous infusion of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine. No consistent effects on sphincter pressure were observed which are liable to be of clinical importance. Serum gastrin concentrations during cimetidine infusion were measured by radioimmunoassay and showed no...

Botulinum toxin is a potent inhibitor of the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings. It has previously been shown that it can effectively reduce lower oesophageal sphincter pressures both in animals and humans with achalasia. This study examined the hypothesis that locally injected botulinum toxin could also reduce sphincter of Oddi pressure in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. ...

UNLABELLED While the regular and symmetric innervation of the pelvic floor has been regarded as "established" for many years, recent data indicate that asymmetry of innervation of the sphincters may exists and may contribute to the occurrence and severity of incontinence symptoms in case of pelvic floor trauma. METHODS A systematic review of published papers on asymmetry of sphincter innervat...