This paper integrates Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to propose a DPSO-SQP method for solving unit commitment problems ancillary services. Through analysis of services, including Automatic Generation Control (AGC), Real Spinning Reserve (RSR), Supplemental (SR), the cost model was developed. With requirements energy balance, operating cons...

This paper presents a Harmony Search Algorithm to seek the optimal solution of the unit maintenance scheduling. For the maintenance scheduling, cost reduction is as important as reliability. The objective function of this algorithm considers the effect of economy as well as reliability. Various constraints such as spinning reserve, duration of maintenance crew are being taken into account. We a...

In this paper, BAT Algorithm is proposed to solve thermal unit commitment (UC) problem. The objective of UC is to determine the optimal generation of the committed units to meet the load demand and spinning reserve at each time interval, such that the overall cost of generation is minimized, while satisfying different operational constraints. BAT is a new cooperative agents approach, which is i...

| A framework for static security pricing in a re-regulated utility environment is presented. The eventual goal is to determine the marginal value of security resources, such as spinning reserve, voltage support, ramp rate ability, etc., in maintaining system security. The basic problem statement is presented in a form already decomposed into a master problem and contingent subproblems, which a...

This paper presents a transmission-constrained unit commitment method using a Lagrangian relaxation approach. Based on a DC power flow model, the transmission constraints are formulated as linear constraints. The transmission constraints, as well as the demand and spinning reserve constraints, are relaxed by attaching Lagrange multipliers. A three-phase algorithmic scheme is devised including d...

Short Term Load Forecasting(STLF) varies from an hour to hour and is used for requirement for control, unit commitment, security assessment, optimum planning of power generation, and planning of both spinning reserve and energy exchange, also as inputs to load flow studies and contingency analysis. Artificial neural networks (ANN’s) has drawbacks like inputs nodes or hidden nodes which can caus...

The ”irrational exuberance” of the stock market in the late 1990’s lead to a discussion of the appropriate policy response by monetary authorities. Any response would be contingent on the stock market reaction to policy shocks. In this study I employ a structural VAR to estimate the response of the stock market returns to innovations in the federal funds rate. The effect of the stock market on ...

The check clearing and electronic payments systems market are regulated and dominated to various degrees by the Federal Reserve System. This article examines the theoretical and empirical implications of a potential deregulation of this market within the context of three broad effects: price discrimination, network externalities, and anticompetitive pricing. While these are all legitimate conce...

The strategy of scheduling generators and reliability management of power system is changing rapidly due to deregulation. Here, generating companies schedule their generators with an objective to maximize their own profit without regarding social benefits. This paper proposes a binary artificial bee colony algorithm (BABC) for solving profit based unit commitment (PBUC) problem, where the requi...

The Federal Reserve’s new primary credit facility offers guilt-free overnight loans to commercial banks at a rate of 100 basis points over the target federal funds rate. If utilized freely by the market, the facility places an upper bound on the rates at which financial institutions lend to one another overnight, reducing the volatility of the daily effective federal funds rate. Conceivably, ho...