Small-scale experimental studies of melt splashing upon the impact water are presented here, with a focus on fluid dynamics and thermal aspects these interactions. Gravity-accelerated droplets forced short-duration jets interacted liquid Rose’s alloy superheated to 100–200 degrees above its melting point. A repeatability study was performed for better-control gravity fall droplet. The amount pe...

OBJECTIVES To derive a method for retrospectively estimating cumulative exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides among a cross section of United Kingdom sheep dippers, as part of a wider epidemiological study of neurological abnormality within this group of workers. METHODS A hygiene study of dipping sessions at 20 farms using diazinon based dips was carried out by two experienced occupati...

Many studies exist examining the underlying physics behind single droplet impact splashing and cooling. However, despite its practical importance, little information exists concerning the influence of liquid surface films on resultant heat transfer. In this study, water droplet impact behavior into quiescent liquid pools was visualized using a high-speed video camera set at 3000 fps. The impact...

We report the results of a large-scale (N=1571) experiment to investigate whether spoken words can emerge from the process of repeated imitation. Participants played a version of the children’s game “Telephone”. The first generation was asked to imitate recognizable environmental sounds (e.g., glass breaking, water splashing); subsequent generations imitated the imitators for a total of 8 gener...

Keratitis due to Acanthamoeba is a potentially sight threatening condition if unrecognised, or if inappropriate medical therapy is used.' The infection is being recognised worldwide.'A It is often associated in Europe and in the USA with contact lens wear; elsewhere, particularly in the tropics, it occurs most often in rural communities and can be associated with trauma and mud splashing.5 We p...

The paper presents a three-dimensional numerical investigation of a droplet impinging normally onto a wall film. The numerical method is based on the finite volume solution of the Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the volume of fluid method (VOF) and utilizing an adaptive local grid refinement technique for tracking more accurately the liquid–gas interface. The results are compared with avai...

Loss of plasma con®nement causes surface and structural damage to plasma-facing materials (PFMs) and remains a major obstacle for tokamak reactors. The deposited plasma energy results in surface erosion and structural failure. The surface erosion consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials, while the structural damage includes large temperature increases in s...