A complex geometric shape is often a composition of a set of simple ones, which may differ from each other in terms of their mathematical representations and the ways in which they are constructed. One of the necessary requirements in combining these simple shapes is that their original shapes can be preserved as much as possible. In this paper, a set of partial shape-preserving (PSP) spline ba...

Nacrtak This paper describes a program for optimizing forest road alignments using the Dijkstra shortest path method and a cubic spline function. We previously developed a method for optimizing forest road alignments once a series of intersection points (IPs) were selected manually using Tabu Search. The application of the program to a part of Capitol State Forest in Washington State, USA indic...

introduction studies about the health effects of long-term average exposure to outdoor air pollution have played an important role in the recent health impact assessments. exposure assessment for epidemiological studies of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution remains a difficult challenge because of substantial small-scale spatial variation. current approaches for assessing intra-urban ai...