This thesis is an interdisciplinary investigation of small animals consisting of two parts. First, a comparison of NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) pixilated scintillating crystals will be presented based on results of resolution tests performed using 5 " diameter Hamamatsu 5800 PSPMTs. Second, application of the gamma ray detectors will be assessed using a biological model. The biological model chosen to a...

An analog integrated circuit has been designed, in a BiCMOS 0.8 micron technology, for the feasability study of the signal processing of the AMS RICH photomultiplier tubes [1]. This low power, three channel gated integrator includes its own gate generator and no external analog delay is required. It processes PMT pulses over a dynamic range of 100. An external RC network allows it to work with ...

A concept for time-sensitive optical detectors is described that shows how to confirm whether the detection device is operating in the linear response regime. By evaluating the recorded time decay of a thermographic phosphor, even weak saturation effects far from obvious situations can be identified and further related to either optical or electrical saturation. The concept has been validated b...

Dark matter has become a major topic of research as the attempt to described the gravitatioinal interactions between some unknown substance and the stars that make up the galaxacy has been approached. Photomultiplier tubes are used in the observation of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) in dark matter detection experiments, such as the Xenon 10 and Xenon 100 experiments conducted at ...

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have a low radioactivity, compact geometry, operation voltage, and reasonable photo-detection efficiency for vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV). Therefore it has the potential to replace photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) future dark matter experiments with liquid xenon (LXe). However, SiPMs nearly two orders of magnitude higher count rate (DCR) compared that PMTs at LXe ...

The Water Cherenkov Test Experiment (WCTE) is an experiment proposed at CERN to measure the response of a Detector for charged particles such as π ±, p+, e±, etc. data obtained from WCTE will be used in future neutrino experiments. consists sealed cylindrical tank filled with ultrapure water. 128 multi-PhotoMultiplier Tubes (mPMTs) are mounted on support structure facing inwards map out radiati...

Dual-phase noble-gas time projection chambers (TPCs) have improved the sensitivities for dark matter direct search in past decades. The capability of TPCs to reconstruct 3-D vertexes keV scale recoilings is one most advantageous features. In this work, we develop two horizontal position reconstruction algorithms PandaX-II experiment using dual-phase liquid xenon TPC. Both are optimized by $^{83...

-The characteristics of a number of metal components proposed as impact energy absorbers are reviewed, attention being focussed on to modes of deformation which stem from the axial compression of metal tubes. Progressive buckling, inversion and splitting are discussed and areas for future work identified. The buckling of thin-walled square section tubes filled with polyurethane foam is also des...

The thallium-doped sodium iodide [NaI(Tl)] scintillation detector is preferred as a gamma spectrometer in many fields because of its general advantages. A silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) has recently been developed and its application area has been expanded as an alternative to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). It has merits such as a low operating voltage, compact size, cheap production cost, and m...

Introduction According to present theory, the nuclear processes in the sun give off vast quantities of neutrinos-Experiments confirm the production of these particles, but fail to detect the quantity predicted by theory. The most recent experiments have found a maximum of two thirds the expected number of neutrinos. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is being constructed to accurately determine t...