We introduce a method, known as one-dimensional sonomyography (1-D SMG), that uses A-mode ultrasound signals to detect dynamic thickness changes in skeletal muscle during contraction. We custom-designed a 1-D SMG system to collect synchronized A-mode ultrasound, joint angle, and surface electromyography (EMG) signals of forearm muscles during wrist extension. We extracted the 1-D SMG signal fro...

Standing people are exposed to whole-body vibration in many environments. This paper investigates the effects of horizontal whole-body vibration and standing posture on task performance. Sixteen participants were exposed to random vibration (up to 4 Hz) whilst performing a timed pegboard task in two standing postures. Objective and subjective indicators of performance were used. Time taken to c...

The wavefront of an injection-seeded soft x-ray laser beam generated by amplification of high-harmonic pulses in a λ=18.9 nm molybdenum plasma amplifier was measured by a Hartmann wavefront sensor with an accuracy of λ/32 root mean square (rms). A significant improvement in wavefront aberrations of 0.51±0.03λ rms to 0.23±0.01λ rms was observed as a function of plasma column length. The variatio...

BACKGROUND Generally, attenuation correction is made by incorporating a linear attenuation coefficient, which is based on the attenuation coefficient map (mu-map) created from a computed tomography scan, into the ordered subsets-expectation maximization reconstruction method in non-uniform domains. A non-uniform Chang's attenuation correction method that uses the mu-map created from a computed ...

Let P be a planar map. To be more concrete, let P be a partition of the unit square into triangles (i.e., a mesh). Since any simple polygon can be triangulated, P can represent any planar map, and its partition of the unit square into different regions, with different properties. For the sake of simplicity, assume that every vertex in P shares at most, say, nine triangles. Let us assume that we...

In this paper I analyze how debt structure and the strategic interaction between shareholders and creditors in the event of default a¤ect expected stock returns. By endogenizing shareholders’decision to default, the model generates new predictions linking …rm characteristics to expected stock returns through an intuitive economic mechanism. In particular, the model predicts that expected stock ...

Although various proof rules for procedure calls in weakest precondition semantics have been proposed over the years [3, chapter 12] [4] [1], none of these is particularly suitable for calculational program construction. The problem is that they tend to yield a precondition that is tortuously expressed. For instance, let a procedure for finding the integer square root of a parameter y be specif...

In this paper we present a new strategy for PVS that implements a square root and division elimination in order to use automatic arithmetic strategies that were not able to deal with these operations in a rst place. This strategy relies on a PVS formalization of the square root and division elimination and deep embedding of PVS expressions inside PVS. Therefore using computational re ection and...

Magnetic relaxation in large spin molecular paramagnets is often found to behave as δM(t) ∼ √ t at short times t. This behaviour was explained by Prokofiev & Stamp as arising from dipole interactions between molecular spins. However, as observed by Miyashita & Saito, the same behaviour can arise from a different mechanism which, in the present work, is related to hyperfine interactions. The Miy...

We propose a generalization of the parallelogram identity in any dimension N ≥ 2, establishing the ratio of the quadratic mean of the diagonals to the quadratic mean of the faces of a parallelotope.