A revised phase diagram for water shows three distinct fluid phases. There is no continuity of liquid and gas, and no “critical point” on Gibbs’ density surface as hypothesized by van der Waals. A supercritical colloidal mesophase bounded by percolation transition loci separates supercritical liquid water and gas-phase steam. The water phase is bounded by a percolation transition (PA) of availa...

This study assessed whether five hypothesized requirements for goal achievement predicted participants' success or failure in achieving a goal. Amazon Mechanical Turk users (n=182) were randomly assigned either to identify a recent goal they had accomplished or failed to accomplish. These hypothesized requirements were derived from prior research and include sufficient social support, time avai...

This paper analyzes the nature of e-commerce policy actions in three European countries. Compiling the EU and national policy instruments into four groups (regulation and legislation, knowledge diffusion, economic incentives and e-government), France is viewed as a front-runner with early Minitel applications but loosing steam during the EC rush. Germany is the European EC power house with a la...

Exhaustive steam distillation extracted several intermediate molecular weight organic chemicals effectively from rainbow trout, but a high molecular weight organic, benzo[a]pyrene, was not extracted. Fish lipids that do not steam-distill appear to retain extremely lipophilic organics in the boiling flask. Therefore, exhaustive steam distillation should be used cautiously in screening effluents ...

The article presents the mechanization of the process for obtaining powdered cellulose using the technology of steam explosion treatment of lignocellulosic material. The presented unit combines the methods of steam explosion treatment and acid hydrolysis of cellulose-containing raw materials.

Solar energy is a good solution for energy-deficiency problems, especially in regions such as rural areas in the Middle East that have not been electrified yet or are under electrification. In this paper, with the aid of a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation, we propose a system that comprises a trough solar concentrator and a pipe—with flowing water—that is set in the concentrator focus. T...

PURPOSE To develop a rapid stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRI technique for "black-blood" imaging of the human heart that overcomes the single-slice limitation and partially compromised blood suppression associated with double inversion-recovery techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Black-blood multislice images of the heart along anatomic orientations and triggered to end diastole were...

The temperature of exhaust gases from simple cycle gas turbine generation sets (GENSETs) is usually very high (around 500 C), and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is often used to recover the energy from the exhaust gases and generate steam. The generated steams can be either used for many useful processes (heating, drying, separation etc.) or used back in the power generation system for ...

CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tools were used to build a "virtual" furnace, validated with experimental data. This model was used to simulate both normal and “faulty” behaviours, regarding parameters such as energy conversion efficiency, steam leakage and fouling. A database was developed comprising normal situations and simulated fault sets, characterized by virtual sensor outputs used in...