In the present study, a new method for retrofitting reinforced concrete beam is introduced in which steel-concrete composite jackets containing steel fiber is used. For this purpose, 75% of the peripheral surface of reinforced concrete beams was initially reinforced using steel plates and bolts, and steel fiber reinforced concrete was used between the steel plates and the peripheral surfaces of...

 One of the surface defects that arise in sheet metal working is when the part removes from the die. Since there are no external forces to make this defect, the origin of such fail is known as residual stress. Residual stress can develop in sheet metal forming due to non uniform deformation. In this paper, the workpiece is carbon steel with different volume fractions and arrangement of ferrite ...

Sheet metal extrusion is a metal forming process in which the movement of a punch penetrates a sheet metal surface and it flows through a die orifice; the extruded parts can be deflected to have an extrusion cavity and protrusion on the opposite side. Therefore, this process results in a narrow region of highly localized plastic deformation due to the formation and microstructure effect on the ...

Because of the need for weight reduction in transport industry, in order to save energy as well as to reduce CO2-emission, the use of light weight aluminium sheet is taken increasingly into consideration [1]. But although aluminium is lighter than steel, the formability is less, hence press operations are often more critical. Alloys used are typically 5xxx alloys for inner panels because of the...

Steel laser tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) are produced by end-to-end joining of base sheets using different welding methods. In this article, the formability of laser TWBs of St12 and St14 with thicknesses of 1 mm and 1.5 in single point incremental forming process were experimentally and numerically investigated. First, the forming limit wall angle was experimentally determined for each of the b...

Equal channel angular rolling (ECAR) process is one of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods that have been used to make ultra-fine grain (UFG) materials with improving the mechanical properties of samples. After performing the process at several paths, a large strain is applied to the material that can cause decreasing the grain size and improving the mechanical and physical properties ...