A Gaussian mixture optimization method is explored using cross-validation likelihood as an objective function instead of the conventional training set likelihood. The optimization is based on reducing the number of mixture components by selecting and merging a pair of Gaussians step by step base on the objective function so as to remove redundant components and improve the generality of the mod...

In the light of current dissemination robotic surgery, there will likely be fundamental skills requirements to complete general surgery residency, and need for a structured training curriculum has been supported by several associations program directors. Training colorectal surgeon two different aspects consider: learning how use platform, procedural strictly related surgery. Broad consensus ex...

We address the problem of learning discrete hidden Markov models from very long sequences of observations. Incremental versions of the Baum-Welch algorithm that approximate the β-values used in the backward procedure are commonly used for this problem, since their memory complexity is independent of the sequence length. We introduce an improved incremental Baum-Welch algorithm with a new backwa...

This paper addresses the probabilistic classification trees training and test for weakly labelled data. We call "weakly labelled data", training set such as the prior labelling information provided refers to vector that indicates the probabilities for instances to belong to each class. Classification tree typically deals with hard labelled data, in this paper a new procedure is suggested in ord...

Azimuthal angles and Doppler frequencies of radar targets usually suffer from estimation uncertainty in practice, which poses a big challenge in target detection. In this work, we consider the problem of target detection in the presence of uncertainty in the azimuthal angle and Doppler frequency. This uncertainty is characterized by a subspace model. Precisely, the spatial and temporal steering...

background: routine oocytes cryopreservation remained an elusive technique in the wide ranges of available assisted reproductive technologies. the microtubules of oocytes are vulnerable to cryoprotectants and thermal change during cryopreservation. objective: the effects of a vitrification protocol were investigated on the spindle and chromosome configurations of mice oocytes cryopreserved at t...

Background. When a new surgical technique is brought into a department, it is often experienced surgeons that learn it first and then pass it on to younger surgeons in training. This study seeks to clarify the problems and positive experiences when teaching and training surgeons in the Onstep technique for inguinal hernia repair, seen from the instructor's point of view. Methods. We designed a ...

purpose: to investigate the factors affecting communicational skills of regimental commanders toward conscripts at an army introductory military training center in tehran. materials and methods: the participants were 82 regimental commanders of the regiments and battalions of an introductory military training center. a 21-item questionnaire was used to collect the required data. descriptive and...

objective: dendrimers are three-dimensional nanostructures that have numerous applications in medicine, including drug delivery and imaging. although anionic dendrimer polyethylene glycol–citrate has a high potential to increase solubility of water-insoluble drugs and drug delivery, its multi-step synthesis procedure is time consuming. in addition, toxic substances such as dichloromethane are u...