qomroud water conveyance tunnel (lot 1&2) with the length of 16 kilometers is considered as one of the greatest development and national projects in iran. since about 2 kilometers of tunnel pass through alluvium and the rest of the tunnel pass through various types of geological units, and due to the complexity of geological condition and variety of effective criteria, suitable selection of...

With the growing population and density in metropolitan areas, higher tendency to live in high-rise buildings, and increasing demand for parking lots, it seems necessary to excavate soil to construct underground spaces. During excavation work, as the height of the wall increases, special care should be taken to the wall stabilization to avoid any consequent damage including extensive property d...

NASA’s planned permanent return to the Moon by the year 2018 will demand advances in many technologies. Just as those pioneers who built a homestead in North America from abroad, it will be necessary to use the resources and materials available on the Moon, commonly referred to as in-situ resource utilization. This benefit would come in a number of ways. Required payloads would be smaller as su...

The development of installation technologies open caissons has been lagging behind increasingly complex construction conditions. For such purpose, a new technology large diameter deeply-buried (LDDB) developed and then used for twin LDDB into undrained ground with stiff soils in Zhenjiang, China. To assess the effects filed performance, monitoring program was presented to document variations to...

the valley of alamut is situated in the north – east of qazvin province. the region is an enclave in the form of a u shape valley in the central alborz chains and opening up to the fertile qazvin plains. the mountains of alamut were ideal for construction of castles. the natural heights contains a section of the defensive structure of the castles. in 1090 a.d, hassan sabbah , the leader of is...

The operating hourly cost of the machine is a suitable factor to analyze the cost fluctuation certain machinery in a changing environment and to find of economically feasible work concepts for the studied machine system. This paper, which is based on studies carried out in northern forests of IR-Iran, analyzed and compared costs of four skidding and excavation machines used in timber harvesting...

Mechanised tunnelling is characterised by a number of interacting components relevant for the excavation process (the soil including groundwater, the TBM, the linings, the support at the cutting face and the tail void) and by a staged process of excavation and lining erection. This imposes a considerable challenge for realistic modelling of the tunnelling process. The paper addresses recent adv...

Purpose. To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) concurrent with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using multimodal imaging. Methods. This was a retrospective single-institution study. Clinical features and multimodal imaging findings were analyzed in eyes with CSC and FCEs, using imaging methods including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OC...

Automation of site preparation and resource utilization on the Moon with teams of autonomous robots holds considerable promise for establishing a lunar base. Such multirobot autonomous systems would require limited human support infrastructure, complement necessary manned operations and reduce overall mission risk. We present an Artificial Neural Tissue (ANT) architecture as a control system fo...