This study aimed to examine the effects of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables with regard to the collateral constraint. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) was developed for Iran’s economic status. Two scenarios were considered as to account for the behavior of the central bank. In the first scenario, the monetary rule is modeled according to the GDP gap an...

The distribution of the allophones of /?/in certain contexts involves free variation and gradient preferences. An organized survey was conducted to elicit the judgments of 37 native Persian speakers concerning the well-formedness of /?/allophonic behavior in five different phonological positions. The results showed that the differences in judgment between the various categories are not just t...

Uncertainty issues associated with a multi-site, multi-product supply chain planning problem has been analyzed in this paper using the chance constraint programming approach. In literature, such problems have been addressed using the two stage stochastic programming approach. While this approach has merits in terms of decomposition, computational complexity even for small size planning problem ...

We consider a non-cooperative constrained stochastic games with N players with the following special structure. With each player i there is an associated controlled Markov chain MDPi. The transition probabilities of the ith Markov chain depend only on the state and actions of controller i. The information structure that we consider is such that each player knows the state of its own MDP and its...

Some economists have pointed to credit constraints as possible explanations for two phenomena. First, credit constraints could explain violations of Ricardian equivalence. Second, constraints could also provide a mechanism through which monetary policy could affect the real economy independent of effects on interest rates. Hayashi (1986) shows that some types of credit constraints do not necess...

" r? Let X~= X and Y~= Y for t = 1, 2 . . . . . X, ,= ~ X ~ and !1, = Y~. Let S be any set, cg = {w(. 1" I s ) lseS} t = l t = l n be a set of (a x 2) stochastic matrices w( ' l ' ls) , and St=S , t= 1 . . . . . n. For every sn=(s 1 . . . . . s " ) e H S t n t = l define P (. ]" Is.) by P (y.[x.ls.) = I~ w (yt]x~lst) for every x. = (x a . . . . . x")~ X . and every y. = (yl, ... , y.)e 11.. t =...

 Inventory space requirements in remanufacturing facilities can vary significantly over time and by type of space needed due to variability in recaptured component quality, availability of refurbished components, remanufactured product demand, and returned product rates. Multi-period stochastic programming recourse models are developed to identify optimal adaptive schedules for internal, exter...