Tests of two fault boundary conditions show that each converges with second order accuracy as the finite-difference grid is refined. The first method uses split nodes so that there are disjoint grids that interact via surface traction. The 3D version described here is a generalization of a method I have used extensively in 2D; it is as accurate as the 2D version. The second method represents fa...

A new stochastic subspace identification algorithm is developed with the help of a stochastic realization on a finite interval. First, a finite-interval realization algorithm is rederived via “block-LDL decomposition” for a finite string of complete covariance sequence. Next, a stochastic subspace identification method is derived by adapting the finiteinterval realization algorithm to incomplet...

Numerical models can be valuable tools in the prediction of seepage. The results can often be misleading if proper variational analysis is not performed. Measurement of the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) or saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity information is often neglected or minimized. The modeller is therefore forced to develop a seepage model based on estimated soil prop...