It is well known that it is possible to achieve adaptation for “free” in function estimation under a global loss. It is unclear, however, why and how the adaptability is achieved. In this article we show that adaptability is achieved through information pooling. It is first shown that separable rules, which figure prominently in wavelet and other orthogonal series methods, lack adaptability; th...

the aphidiine parasitoids (hym., braconidae) attacking the pest aphids on various pome and stone fruit trees in different parts of iranwere studied. a total of 13 species belonging to seven genera of aphid parasitoids were identified in association with 17 aphid species on 10 different species of fruit trees. sixty nine tritrophic associations were detected from the studied area of which 25 ass...

One of the tools for optimal crop production is regular monitoring and assessment of crops. During the growing season of fruit trees, the bloom period has increased photosynthetic rates that correlate with the fruiting process. This paper presents the development of an image processing algorithm to detect peach blossoms on trees. Images of an experimental peach orchard were acquired from the Pa...

Plum is a globally grown stone fruit and can be divided into several species. In particular, the Prunus salicina, which is native to China, is widely grown in many fruit orchards in Korea and Japan, as well as the United States and Australia. The transcriptome data for Prunus salicina has not been reported to our knowledge. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for two sele...

The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest of most stone and pome fruits and causes serious damage to the fruit industry worldwide. This insect pest has been primarily controlled through the application of insecticides; as a result, G. molesta has developed resistance to many different types of insecticides. To identify detoxification ge...

Over an approximately 80-year period since the description of the Sharka disease, the plum pox virus (PPV) has been thoroughly studied on various levels of the infection cycle. World-wide distribution of the virus, severity of the disease for the fruit industry with a potential to be further increased and discovery/emergence of new strains make PPV the most epidemiologically important viral pat...

The Cappadocia Region in Central Anatolia, Turkey is rich wild apricot genetic resources. In this study, a multivariate analysis method of metric and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to classify 43 genotypes 5 standard cultivars by using Euclidean distance. MDS applied, based on dissimilarities, quantitative traits weight, height, width thickness fruit, stone kernel flesh/stone...