We present the tool UFIT (Uppaal Fault Injector for Timed automata). In UFIT, we model five types of faults, namely, message loss, transient, byzantine, stuck-at, and fail-stop faults. Given the fault-free timed automata model and the selection of a type of fault, UFIT models the faults and generates the fault-affected timed automata model automatically. As a result, the designer can analyze th...

We show that the mechanism of quantum freeze of fidelity decay for perturbations with a zero time average, recently discovered for a specific case of integrable dynamics [New J. Phys. 5, 109 (2003)], can be generalized to arbitrary quantum dynamics. We work out explicitly the case of a chaotic classical counterpart, for which we find semiclassical expressions for the value and the range of the ...

BACKGROUND Smoking-cessation treatment policies could yield substantial increases in adult quit rates in the U.S. PURPOSE The goals of this paper are to model the effects of individual cessation treatment policies on population quit rates, and to illustrate the potential benefits of combining policies to leverage their synergistic effects. METHODS A mathematical model is updated to examine ...

AIMS To compare abrupt and gradual smoking cessation. DESIGN AND SETTING Randomized trial and observational study, Internet, 2007-2010. PARTICIPANTS Smokers with no strong preference for abrupt or gradual quitting were randomly assigned to quitting immediately (n=472), or to gradually reducing their cigarette consumption over 2 weeks and then quit (n=502). Smokers who strongly preferred to ...

Fail-stop signature (FSS) schemes protect a signer against a forger with unlimited computational power by enabling the signer to provide a proof of forgery, if it occurs. In this paper, we show a flaw in a previously proposed fail-stop signature that is based on the difficulty of factorization, and then describe a secure scheme based on the same assumption.

Past research found that environmental uncertainty leads people to behave differently depending on their childhood environment. For example, economic uncertainty leads people from poor childhoods to become more impulsive while leading people from wealthy childhoods to become less impulsive. Drawing on life history theory, we examine the psychological mechanism driving such diverging responses t...

Metamaterials have recently emerged in the search for lightweight noise and vibration solutions. One of their appealing properties control engineering is ability to create stop bands, which are frequency ranges without free wave propagation. These bands arise from sub-wavelength addition identically tuned resonators or on a host structure. However, when manufacturing metamaterials, variability ...

Stop and go traffic that leads to oscillate traffic flow frequently is observed on congestion flow. Unexpected reasons such as lane – changing maneuvers, lower speeds of leader vehicle and moving bottleneck cause stop and go traffic and amplifying delay and environment impacts. Stop and go traffic exactly can’t be modeled by traffic models, and also car following models based on kinematic flow ...