In the editorial by Dr. Reza Afshari “What is the best research for low income countries” (1), some important issues have been raised, highly relevant to developing countries. In most developing countries including India, emergency medicine is not well established and clinical toxicology is even further a low priority in view of both research and clinical management. The number of poison contro...

In developed countries, orofacial pain is one condition in dentistry that has been well defined, explored, and managed. Unfortunately, unlike the grown and developed management of orofacial pain in developed countries, the management of orofacial pain in developing countries is still poorly performed. The current article discusses about the current management of orofacial pain in developing cou...

This paper describes the planning, design and construction of a permeable pavement as a practical demonstration of the benefits of eco-paving in Australian environmental management. The paper addresses the use of permeable pavements as part of a Water Sensitive Urban Design that allows infiltration of stormwater, reduction of pollutants and slow reticulation of the stormwater to an ecologically...

Stormwaters, flowing into storm sewers, are known to significantly increase the annual pollutant loads entering urban receiving waters and this results in significant degradation of the receiving water quality. Knowledge of the characteristics of stormwater pollution enables urban planners to incorporate the most appropriate stormwater management strategies to mitigate the effects of stormwater...

Governments face numerous challenges in sustaining road network conditions. This is attributed to authorities’ shortages of financial and physical infrastructure. As a result, low-cost automated solutions are being pursued solve these problems provide people with appropriate Several attempts have been made improve technologies incorporate them into Pavement Management System (PMS) but limited f...

Decentralized municipal stormwater management, whereby best management practices are dispersed throughout a watershed, are gaining popularity but face unique constraints related to land access and citizen engagement. Decentralized installations require perpetual access to public and private land, a constraint that may be solved creatively in many urban settings through the repurposing of vacant...

Many stormwater management practices depend on sedimentation as their primary removal mechanism, but the settling velocity distribution of particles in runoff from a specific watershed is rarely known. A simple and effective method to characterize settling velocity distribution is needed to improve the design of stormwater management practices. Elutriation devices have been used to characterize...

The traditional management of stormwater with a singular focus on flood protection has resulted in the degradation of receiving waters. The health of urban streams is degraded by a suite of stressors, notably, the frequent disturbance due to stormwater runoff. We investigate the catchment scale implications of allotment scale rainwater harvesting, in terms of potential simultaneous benefits for...