Discourse markers (DMs) are linguistic elements that index different relations and coherence between units of talk. Most research on the development of these forms has focused on conversations rather than narratives. This article examines age and medium effects on use of various discourse markers in pre-school children. Fifteen normal Iranian monolingual children, male and female, participated ...

The use of story cards for user stories in many Extreme Programming software development projects has been widespread. Several popular traditional methods for story cards (e.g., Cohen M, Kent B) have been used in successful fashion at some extent, but all lack of the powerful features for story cards guidelines, right sort of information on story cards and quality of user stories on story cards...

Stories pervade our mental lives. We use stories to explain the state of the world, to provide context for objects and actions, to persuade others, and especially to predict the outcomes of our actions. If we wish to build programs that interact with and think about the world as intelligently as we do, we must allow them to understand and reason about stories. For proper reasoning and inference...

The waters of the modern Illinois River flow gently through looping meanders bordered by quiet backwater lakes and drop only a few inches in each river mile. Concealed beneath this gentle river is geologic evidence that the Illinois descended from ancient rivers with surprising and sometimes violent histories. The geologic story of the Illinois River is not only an account of an interesting cha...

This paper describes our efforts in developing real-time projection mapping system, effective technique available in the performance by combining costume and digital technology. Our system can project and align images on the surface of moving actor's costume by applying augmented reality based on projection mapping, and the images can change frequently during the performance. Therefore, this re...

Visual representations have long been advocated by educators as cognitive tools to enhance student learning. However, visual mapping of concepts and ideas are also part of the design and development tools of graphic and interface designers (drawings and sketches), media producers (story boards), and programmers (flow charts). In higher education settings, the use of visual representations that ...

Previous research showed that story illustrations fail to enhance young preschoolers' memories when they accompany a pre-recorded story (e.g., Greenhoot and Semb, 2008). In this study we tested whether young children might benefit from illustrations in a more interactive story-reading context. For instance, illustrations might influence parent-child reading interactions, and thus children's sto...

Story listening contributes greatly to children’s development, and much research has explored different modalities of story listening in children. However, few studies have utilized haptic sensory input. In the present 2-session study, we implemented a haptic vest that generates haptic sensations on a child’s back as he or she listens to stories. In the first session, child participants rated h...

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nowadays novel has a dominant role in literature owing to its special capability to demonstrate the social dilemmas and stories. the main factor which makes a novel attractive is proportionality and symmetry of dialogue with characters and the story. in the case of narratology of a story, an alerted analyzer illustrates premier features of the story with employing narrative mechanisms and story...