Abstract Scientists, environmentalists, and nature writers often report that all common starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in North America descend from a flock released New York City 1890 by Eugene Schieffelin, man obsessed with importing the birds mentioned Shakespeare. This article uses methods of literary history to investigate this popular anecdote. Today are much despised as an invasive species...

Red Riding Hood is a story that has been retold and reimagined more frequently than most. Where the oral tradition often celebrated Red's sexuality cunning, literary versions transform tale into one in which young girl blamed for her own rape – or, many feminist versions, where she fights back. Drawing on discussions with writers activists Uganda, work by Ugandan Irish scholars, I explore how t...

David Bodian spent almost his whole scientific career (1942–1983) at the Johns Hopkins University, first in the Department of Epidemiology at the School of Hygiene and Public Health and then in the Department of Anatomy at the School of Medicine. Arguably, his most important research contribution was the elucidation of the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis—a contribution that played a major role in...

This article intends to add the rising discussion related employment of authentic plays and drama within a high school compulsory curriculum for enhancing learners’ foreign language (L2) oral skills. In particular, it examines pedagogical use contemporary developing L2 production in terms (1) complexity – syntactic mean length AS-units (MLAS) (2) accuracy global pronunciation accuracy. For this...

Abstract In his 1877 Storia della letteratura (History of Literature), Luigi Settembrini wrote that Petrarch’s fourteenth-century poem, the Africa , ‘is forgotten …; very few have read it, and it was judged—I don’t know when by whom—a paltry thing’. Yet, just four decades later, early Renaissance poet’s epic Second Punic War, written in Latin hexameters, being promoted as national poem Italy em...

Emergent narrative refers to simulation-based systems in which stories emerge from the autonomous interactions among character agents and/or the human player. Despite its advantages in interactive games, emergent narrative attracts concern about whether complex narratives emerge from arbitrary interactions. This problem can be alleviated if the character agents act according to what a story sho...