This paper takes a closer look at behavioral subtyping in the context of concurrency, by considering an example of subtyping of a concurrent datastructure taken from sensor networks. Akin to the extension of a state-machine, this example illustrates conflicts caused by the interference of concurrency and inheritance. In short, the extension consists in declaring additional fields in a subclass,...

We introduce a natural strengthening of prompt simplicity which we call strong promptness, and study its relationship with existing lowness classes. This notion provides a ≤wtt version of superlow cuppability. We show that every strongly prompt c.e. set is superlow cuppable. Unfortunately, strong promptness is not a Turing degree notion, and so cannot characterize the sets which are superlow cu...

The number of bits in a cryptographic one-way hash value is usually selected so that brute-force search for a second pre-image is impossible. Sometimes, application requirements force one to use shorter and, thus, weaker hash values. Over years, increases in the attacker’s computational capacity will render any protocol that depends on such hashes insecure. In this paper, we present a simple te...

It is increasingly recognized that stronger health systems are needed to deliver health care interventions at the scale necessary to achieve and sustain healthrelated Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially in Africa (1, 2). This is evident in the growing willingness of two of the largest global health initiatives, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the Global ...

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) is dedicated to preventing and reversing trends of increased delinquency and violence among adolescents. These trends have alarmed the public during the past decade and challenged the juvenile justice system. It is widely accepted that increases in delinquency and violence over the past decade are rooted in a number of interrelat...

This paper will answer the question raised by the ongoing debate on the conditions of Alternative Agro-Food Networks (AAFN) strengthened in the specific context of different European countries. Modern, sustainable local food systems are built on the basis of social networks which linked different actors into a coherent, horizontal web. Producers, processors and consumers are bonded by a common...

Exhaustification is a strengthening of the denotation of a sentence. Interpreting (1-a) exhaustively with respect to the background predicate came to the party, the hearer concludes that Mary did not come (strong exhaustification).1 The exhaustive interpretation of (1-b) with respect to the background predicate stars on the right side, augments the standard interpretation by concluding that all...

As stated in the first issue, biij as an open access multidisciplinary online journal, “was set up to meet the challenges of biomedical imaging and intervention facing the allied sciences community by providing a new avenue for discussion and exchange of viewpoints.” The Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal (biij) was born on July 16th 2005 during the opening ceremony of the ‘Second Inte...

Hospitals, nurses, the media, Congress, and the private sector are increasingly concerned about shortages of registered nurses (RNs) and the impact on safety and quality of patient care. Findings from a growing number of studies provide evidence of a relationship between hospital nurse staffing and adverse outcomes experienced by medical and surgical patients. These findings have policy implica...