Streptococcus pyogenes is commonly believed to be resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), resulting in reservations about using SXT for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) where S. pyogenes is involved. S. pyogenes' in vitro susceptibility to SXT depends on the medium's thymidine content. Thymidine allows S. pyogenes to bypass the sulfur-mediated inhibition of folate metabolism and...

Plasminogen, a normal constituent of human blood plasma, can be activated in various ways to yield the proteolytic enzyme plasmin capable of dissolving fibrin clots and of hydrolyzing a variety of other proteins and synthetic amino acid esters. The activation by the bacterial product streptokinase has been widely studied in the past and appears to proceed through a two-stage reaction: the inter...

A failure of hemostasis and consequent formation of blood clots in the circulatory system can produce severe outcomes such as stroke and myocardial infraction. Pathological development of blood clots requires clinical intervention with fibrinolytic agents such as urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator and streptokinase. This review deals with streptokinase as a clinically important and cost-ef...

Clinically encouraging results can be obtained with an intravenous high dosage, short-term infusion of streptokinase in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. The feasibility and efficacy of the systemic approach of streptokinase therapy is discussed in this report and includes topics such as recanalization success rate, restoration of coronary blood flow, residual coronary artery lesion...

B. ROBERTSON, INGA MARIE NILSSON, AND G. NYLANDER (Department of Surgery, Coagulation Laboratory, and the Department of Roentgenology, University of Lund, Malmo, Sweden Three coded series of patients, 50 in all, with acute deep venous leg thrombosis of at most 96 hours' duration were treated with streptokinase (Kabikinase(R), Kabi) or heparin by intravenous drip (Table I) followed by subcutaneo...

An overview of eight randomized controlled trials of tissue-type plasminogen activator (Alteplase or Duteplase) and 10 of anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (Anistreplase) showed that the odds of early death were reduced by 29% by tissue-type plasminogen activator and 46% by anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex, with overlapping 95% confidence intervals. ...

Innate immune recognition of the major human-specific Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes is not understood. Here we show that mice employ Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2- and TLR13-mediated recognition of S. pyogenes. These TLR pathways are non-redundant in the in vivo context of animal infection, but are largely redundant in vitro, as only inactivation of both of them abolishes inflammat...

OBJECTIVES To compare outcomes from accelerated alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, t-PA) and streptokinase use in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Review of available studies identified by Medline and other literature searches that met the criteria of being a prospective, randomised clinical trial enrolling over 1000 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The studies...

Increasing awareness of the relevance of Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis as a human pathogen motivates the analysis of its pathomechanisms. One of the mechanisms that increases infectivity and dissemination of several streptococcal species is the recruitment and subsequent activation of host plasminogen on the streptococcal surface. This study identified GCS3 as a novel plasminogen-...