We discuss the long-term effects of stress exposure in pre- and early postnal life. We present an evolutionary framework within which such effects can be viewed, and describe how the outcomes might vary with species life histories. We focus on stressors that induce increases in glucocorticoid hormones and discuss the advantages of an experimental approach. We describe a number of studies demons...

Incarcerated women enter the prison setting with remarkable histories of trauma, mental health and substance abuse issues. Given the stress of incarceration and separation from their children, families, and significant others, it is not surprising that many women experience increased anxiety, depression, and problems with sleep. Due to these negative outcomes, it is imperative to find efficient...

One hundred-thirty-nine women participated in this longitudinal study from the third trimester of pregnancy through 8-months postpartum. Women completed depression scales at several time points and rated their infant's characteristics and childcare stress at 2- and 6-months postpartum. Mothers' reports of infant temperament were significantly different for depressed and non-depressed mothers, w...

1. Attempt at a self-contained quantum description The consistent-histories program 1,2,3 represents a more concerted effort than previous attempts to overcome what some workers regard as the main defect of the Copenhagen interpretation: the need to invoke the existence of a classical world as a precondition to the meaningful interpretation of quantum mechanics. Hence, just as for any other att...

We showed several years ago that the density operator of Markovian open systems can be diagonalized continuously in time. The resulting pure state jump processes correspond to quantum trajectories proposed in recent quantum optics calculations or, at fundamental level, to exact consistent histories. The quantum state of an open quantum system — actually a subsystem of a closed one — cannot be d...

This case study involves a patient who presented at a chiropractic clinic with an acute torticollis. Although preceding trauma was sincerely denied by the patient, a thorough case history with appropriate radiological investigation revealed a Jefferson fracture with an associated rupture of the osseous attachment of the transverse ligament.

In the consistent histories formalism one specifies a family of histories as an exhaustive set of pairwise exclusive descriptions of the dynamics of a quantum system. We define branching families of histories, which strike a middle ground between the two available mathematically precise definitions of families of histories, viz., product families and Isham’s history projector operator formalism...

Abstract Chemical analysis of calcified structures continues to flourish, as analytical and technological advances enable researchers tap into trace elements isotopes taken up in otoliths other archival tissues at ever greater resolution. Increasingly, these tracers are applied refine age estimation interpretation, chronicle responses environmental stressors, linking ecological, physiological, ...

In his book on behavioural endocrinology, Randy Nelson describes 'stress' as a 'notoriously ethereal concept'. Yet, despite this lack of clarity, studies of the consequences of stress across different time scales, life history stages, taxa and levels of biological enquiry form a large part of modern biology and biomedicine. Organisms need to recognise and respond to environmental challenges. Be...